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Many empirical applications estimate causal effects of a continuous endogenous variable (treatment) using a binary instrument. Estimation is typically done through linear 2SLS. This approach requires a mean treatment change and causal…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-02-28 Yingying Dong , Ying-Ying Lee

This paper proposes a new statistical approach for assessing treatment effect using Bayesian Networks (BNs). The goal is to draw causal inferences from observational data with a binary outcome and discrete covariates. The BNs are here used…

Existing tests for factorial designs in the nonparametric case are based on hypotheses formulated in terms of distribution functions. Typical null hypotheses, however, are formulated in terms of some parameters or effect measures,…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-10-28 Edgar Brunner , Frank Konietschke , Markus Pauly , Madan L. Puri

Individuals often respond differently to identical treatments, and characterizing such variability in treatment response is an important aim in the practice of personalized medicine. In this article, we describe a non-parametric accelerated…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-22 Nicholas C. Henderson , Thomas A. Louis , Gary L. Rosner , Ravi Varadhan

We conducted a systematic comparison of statistical methods used for the analysis of time-to-event outcomes under various proportional and nonproportional hazard (NPH) scenarios. Our study used data from recently published oncology trials…

Applications · Statistics 2025-02-12 Xinyu Zhang , Erich J. Greene , Ondrej Blaha , Wei Wei

Instrumental variable methods are widely used in medical and social science research to draw causal conclusions when the treatment and outcome are confounded by unmeasured confounding variables. One important feature of such studies is that…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-25 Bo Zhang , Siyu Heng , Emily J. MacKay , Ting Ye

Background: Pairwise and network meta-analyses using fixed effect and random effects models are commonly applied to synthesise evidence from randomised controlled trials. The models differ in their assumptions and the interpretation of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-08-04 Shijie Ren , Jeremy E. Oakley , John W. Stevens

The sequential treatment decisions made by physicians to treat chronic diseases are formalized in the statistical literature as dynamic treatment regimes. To date, methods for dynamic treatment regimes have been developed under the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-22 Janie Coulombe , Erica E. M. Moodie , Susan M. Shortreed , Christel Renoux

Mixed Models for Repeated Measures (MMRMs) are ubiquitous when analyzing outcomes of clinical trials. However, the linearity of the fixed-effect structure in these models largely restrict their use to estimating treatment effects that are…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-23 Lars Lau Raket

This paper presents results pertaining to sequential methods for support recovery of sparse signals in noise. Specifically, we show that any sequential measurement procedure fails provided the average number of measurements per dimension…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-10-19 Matthew Malloy , Robert Nowak

To address the computational issue in empirical likelihood methods with massive data, this paper proposes a grouped empirical likelihood (GEL) method. It divides $N$ observations into $n$ groups, and assigns the same probability weight to…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-10 Yongda Wang , Shifeng Xiong

A large and diverse set of measurements are regularly collected during a patient's hospital stay to monitor their health status. Tools for integrating these measurements into severity scores, that accurately track changes in illness…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-11-13 Kirill Dyagilev , Suchi Saria

The paper focuses on sequential experiments for categorical responses in which whether or not a further observation is made depends on the outcome of a previous experiment. Examples include subsequent medical interventions being performed…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-04 Anna Klimova , Tamás Rudas

In classical study designs, the aim is often to learn about the effects of a treatment or intervention on a single outcome; in many modern studies, however, data on multiple outcomes are collected and it is of interest to explore effects on…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-15 Edward H. Kennedy , Shreya Kangovi , Nandita Mitra

The health effects of environmental exposures have been studied for decades, typically using standard regression models to assess exposure-outcome associations found in observational non-experimental data. We propose and illustrate a…

Applications · Statistics 2017-09-20 Marie-Abele C. Bind , Donald B. Rubin

Every design choice will have different effects on different units. However traditional A/B tests are often underpowered to identify these heterogeneous effects. This is especially true when the set of unit-level attributes is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-09 Alexander Peysakhovich , Akos Lada

In this paper the estimation of the distribution function for potential outcomes to receiving or not receiving a treatment is studied. The approach is based on weighting observed data on the basis on estimated propensity score. A weighted…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-30 Pier Luigi Conti , Livia De Giovanni

Due to patient heterogeneity in response to various aspects of any treatment program, biomedical and clinical research is gradually shifting from the traditional "one-size-fits-all" approach to the new paradigm of personalized medicine. An…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-21 Min Qian , Bibhas Chakraborty , Raju Maiti , Ying Kuen Cheung

We propose a novel regression adjustment method designed for estimating distributional treatment effect parameters in randomized experiments. Randomized experiments have been extensively used to estimate treatment effects in various…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-07-24 Undral Byambadalai , Tatsushi Oka , Shota Yasui

Covariate adjustment is an important tool in the analysis of randomized clinical trials and observational studies. It can be used to increase efficiency and thus power, and to reduce possible bias. While most statistical tests in randomized…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-08-03 Xiaoru Wu , Zhiliang Ying