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We study the known techniques for designing Matrix Multiplication algorithms. The two main approaches are the Laser method of Strassen, and the Group theoretic approach of Cohn and Umans. We define a generalization based on zeroing outs…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Josh Alman , Virginia Vassilevska Williams

Determining the asymptotic algebraic complexity of matrix multiplication, succinctly represented by the matrix multiplication exponent $\omega$, is a central problem in algebraic complexity theory. The best upper bounds on $\omega$, leading…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Matthias Christandl , Péter Vrana , Jeroen Zuiddam

Fast matrix multiplication is one of the most fundamental problems in algorithm research. The exponent of the optimal time complexity of matrix multiplication is usually denoted by $\omega$. This paper discusses new ideas for improving the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Ran Duan , Hongxun Wu , Renfei Zhou

The complexity of matrix multiplication is measured in terms of $\omega$, the smallest real number such that two $n\times n$ matrices can be multiplied using $O(n^{\omega+\epsilon})$ field operations for all $\epsilon>0$; the best bound…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Josh Alman , Virginia Vassilevska Williams

We study the algorithmic problem of multiplying large matrices that are rectangular. We prove that the method that has been used to construct the fastest algorithms for rectangular matrix multiplication cannot give algorithms with…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Matthias Christandl , François Le Gall , Vladimir Lysikov , Jeroen Zuiddam

In the past few years, successive improvements of the asymptotic complexity of square matrix multiplication have been obtained by developing novel methods to analyze the powers of the Coppersmith-Winograd tensor, a basic construction…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-05 François Le Gall , Florent Urrutia

Until a few years ago, the fastest known matrix multiplication algorithm, due to Coppersmith and Winograd (1990), ran in time $O(n^{2.3755})$. Recently, a surge of activity by Stothers, Vassilevska-Williams, and Le Gall has led to an…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Andris Ambainis , Yuval Filmus , François Le Gall

Duan, Wu and Zhou (FOCS 2023) recently obtained the improved upper bound on the exponent of square matrix multiplication $\omega<2.3719$ by introducing a new approach to quantify and compensate the ``combination loss" in prior analyses of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-12-29 François Le Gall

This paper presents a method to analyze the powers of a given trilinear form (a special kind of algebraic constructions also called a tensor) and obtain upper bounds on the asymptotic complexity of matrix multiplication. Compared with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-05 François Le Gall

We present three families of minimal border rank tensors: they come from highest weight vectors, smoothable algebras, or monomial algebras. We analyse them using Strassen's laser method and obtain an upper bound $2.431$ on $\omega$. We also…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-04-13 Roser Homs , Joachim Jelisiejew , Mateusz Michałek , Tim Seynnaeve

We present a new improvement on the laser method for designing fast matrix multiplication algorithms. The new method further develops the recent advances by [Duan, Wu, Zhou FOCS 2023] and [Vassilevska Williams, Xu, Xu, Zhou SODA 2024].…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Josh Alman , Ran Duan , Virginia Vassilevska Williams , Yinzhan Xu , Zixuan Xu , Renfei Zhou

We consider the techniques behind the current best algorithms for matrix multiplication. Our results are threefold. (1) We provide a unifying framework, showing that all known matrix multiplication running times since 1986 can be achieved…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-12-21 Josh Alman , Virginia Vassilevska Williams

The main contribution of this paper is a new improved variant of the laser method for designing matrix multiplication algorithms. Building upon the recent techniques of [Duan, Wu, Zhou, FOCS 2023], the new method introduces several new…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Virginia Vassilevska Williams , Yinzhan Xu , Zixuan Xu , Renfei Zhou

We prove that the border rank of the Kronecker square of the little Coppersmith-Winograd tensor $T_{cw,q}$ is the square of its border rank for $q > 2$ and that the border rank of its Kronecker cube is the cube of its border rank for $q >…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Austin Conner , Fulvio Gesmundo , Joseph M. Landsberg , Emanuele Ventura

We determine the border ranks of tensors that could potentially advance the known upper bound for the exponent $\omega$ of matrix multiplication. The Kronecker square of the small $q=2$ Coppersmith-Winograd tensor equals the $3\times 3$…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-09-25 Austin Conner , Hang Huang , J. M. Landsberg

In 2003, Cohn and Umans described a framework for proving upper bounds on the exponent $\omega$ of matrix multiplication by reducing matrix multiplication to group algebra multiplication, and in 2005 Cohn, Kleinberg, Szegedy, and Umans…

The (asymptotic) complexity of matrix multiplication (over the complex field) is measured by a real parameter w > 0, called the exponent of matrix multiplication (over the complex field), which is defined to be the smallest real number w >…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-09-11 Sandeep Murthy

Motivated by fast matrix multiplication and recent connections between asymptotic tensor rank and fine-grained complexity, we revisit classical tools from the matrix multiplication literature and develop a framework for obtaining improved…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Josh Alman , Baitian Li

The Strassen algorithm and Winograd's variant accelerate matrix multiplication by using fewer arithmetic operations than standard matrix multiplication. Although many papers have been published to accelerate single- as well as…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-10-27 Tomonori Kouya

Cohn and Umans proposed a framework for developing fast matrix multiplication algorithms based on the embedding computation in certain groups algebras. In subsequent work with Kleinberg and Szegedy, they connected this to the search for…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Matthew Anderson , Zongliang Ji , Anthony Yang Xu
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