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Related papers: Generalization error for decision problems

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High complexity models are notorious in machine learning for overfitting, a phenomenon in which models well represent data but fail to generalize an underlying data generating process. A typical procedure for circumventing overfitting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-11 James Schmidt

Characterizing precisely the asymptotic generalization error of neural networks using parameters that can be estimated efficiently is a crucial problem in machine learning, which relies heavily on heuristics and practitioners' intuition to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 David Perera , Victor Moura , Lais Isabelle Alves dos Santos , Michel F. C. Haddad , Flavio Figueiredo

A problem of bounding the generalization error of a classifier f in H, where H is a "base" class of functions (classifiers), is considered. This problem frequently occurs in computer learning, where efficient algorithms of combining simple…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Vladimir Koltchinskii , Dmitry Panchenko , Fernando Lozano

For many applications, an ensemble of base classifiers is an effective solution. The tuning of its parameters(number of classes, amount of data on which each classifier is to be trained on, etc.) requires G, the generalization error of a…

Modern machine learning classifiers often exhibit vanishing classification error on the training set. They achieve this by learning nonlinear representations of the inputs that maps the data into linearly separable classes. Motivated by…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-23 Andrea Montanari , Feng Ruan , Youngtak Sohn , Jun Yan

We study generalised linear regression and classification for a synthetically generated dataset encompassing different problems of interest, such as learning with random features, neural networks in the lazy training regime, and the hidden…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-28 Federica Gerace , Bruno Loureiro , Florent Krzakala , Marc Mézard , Lenka Zdeborová

There has been widespread use of causal inference methods for the rigorous analysis of observational studies and to identify policy evaluations. In this article, we consider a class of generalized coarsened procedures for confounding. At a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-04 Debashis Ghosh , Lei Wang

In this article, we study rates of convergence of the generalization error of multi-class margin classifiers. In particular, we develop an upper bound theory quantifying the generalization error of various large margin classifiers. The…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-11-10 Xiaotong Shen , Lifeng Wang

Within the machine learning community, the widely-used uniform convergence framework has been used to answer the question of how complex, over-parameterized models can generalize well to new data. This approach bounds the test error of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-05 Ryan Theisen , Jason M. Klusowski , Michael W. Mahoney

Errors quoted on results are often given in asymmetric form. An account is given of the two ways these can arise in an analysis, and the combination of asymmetric errors is discussed. It is shown that the usual method has no basis and is…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2014-11-18 Roger Barlow

We derive a simple and model-independent formula for the change in the generalization gap due to a gradient descent update. We then compare the change in the test error for stochastic gradient descent to the change in test error from an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Daniel A. Roberts

This chapter provides various perspective on an important challenge in data assimilation: model error. While the overall goal is to understand the implication of model error of any type in data assimilation, we emphasize on the effect of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-07-02 John Harlim

This paper explores the generalization characteristics of iterative learning algorithms with bounded updates for non-convex loss functions, employing information-theoretic techniques. Our key contribution is a novel bound for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Jingwen Fu , Nanning Zheng

This paper aims at analyzing the regularization effect that data augmentation induces on supervised regression methods in the proportional regime, where the number of covariates grows proportionally to the number of samples. We provide a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-12 Lucas Morisset , Alain Durmus , Adrien Hardy

Machine learning models trained with \emph{stochastic} gradient descent (SGD) can generalize better than those trained with deterministic gradient descent (GD). In this work, we study SGD's impact on generalization through the lens of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hongjian Lan , Yucong Liu , Florian Schäfer

Predictive models that generalize well under distributional shift are often desirable and sometimes crucial to building robust and reliable machine learning applications. We focus on distributional shift that arises in causal inference from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-27 Fredrik D. Johansson , Nathan Kallus , Uri Shalit , David Sontag

Nonparametric Bayesian approaches provide a flexible framework for clustering without pre-specifying the number of groups, yet they are well known to overestimate the number of clusters, especially for functional data. We show that a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-21 Fumiya Iwashige , Tomoya Wakayama , Shonosuke Sugasawa , Shintaro Hashimoto

We consider the generalization error associated with stochastic gradient descent on a smooth convex function over a compact set. We show the first bound on the generalization error that vanishes when the number of iterations $T$ and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Julien Hendrickx , Alex Olshevsky

Adaptivity is an important feature of data analysis---typically the choice of questions asked about a dataset depends on previous interactions with the same dataset. However, generalization error is typically bounded in a non-adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-11 Raef Bassily , Adam Smith , Thomas Steinke , Jonathan Ullman

Estimating the generalization error (GE) of machine learning models is fundamental, with resampling methods being the most common approach. However, in non-standard settings, particularly those where observations are not independently and…