English
Related papers

Related papers: How Much Does Tokenization Affect Neural Machine T…

200 papers

Translating characters instead of words or word-fragments has the potential to simplify the processing pipeline for neural machine translation (NMT), and improve results by eliminating hyper-parameters and manual feature engineering.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-30 Colin Cherry , George Foster , Ankur Bapna , Orhan Firat , Wolfgang Macherey

The most common tools for word-alignment rely on a large amount of parallel sentences, which are then usually processed according to one of the IBM model algorithms. The training data is, however, the same as for machine translation (MT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Vilém Zouhar , Daria Pylypenko

Tokenization is a hardcoded compression step which remains in the training pipeline of Large Language Models (LLMs), despite a general trend towards architectures becoming increasingly end-to-end. Prior work has shown promising results at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sam Dauncey , Roger Wattenhofer

Machine Translation is the challenging problem for Indian languages. Every day we can see some machine translators being developed, but getting a high quality automatic translation is still a very distant dream . The correct translated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-07-11 Pooja Gupta , Nisheeth Joshi , Iti Mathur

While Transformer-based neural machine translation (NMT) is very effective in high-resource settings, many languages lack the necessary large parallel corpora to benefit from it. In the context of low-resource (LR) MT between two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Niyati Bafna , Philipp Koehn , David Yarowsky

Neural machine translation (NMT) has significantly improved the quality of automatic translation models. One of the main challenges in current systems is the translation of rare words. We present a generic approach to address this weakness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Ngoc-Quan Pham , Jan Niehues , Alex Waibel

In this paper we provide the largest published comparison of translation quality for phrase-based SMT and neural machine translation across 30 translation directions. For ten directions we also include hierarchical phrase-based MT.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-01 Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt , Tomasz Dwojak , Hieu Hoang

Tokenizers provide the fundamental basis through which text is represented and processed by language models (LMs). Despite the importance of tokenization, its role in LM performance and behavior is poorly understood due to the challenge of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Gül Sena Altıntaş , Malikeh Ehghaghi , Brian Lester , Fengyuan Liu , Wanru Zhao , Marco Ciccone , Colin Raffel

Large Language Models have proven highly successful at modelling a variety of tasks. However, this comes at a steep computational cost that hinders wider industrial uptake. In this paper, we present MWT: a Multi-Word Tokenizer that goes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Leonidas Gee , Leonardo Rigutini , Marco Ernandes , Andrea Zugarini

Tokenization is a crucial step in information retrieval, especially for lexical matching algorithms, where the quality of indexable tokens directly impacts the effectiveness of a retrieval system. Since different languages have unique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Odunayo Ogundepo , Xinyu Zhang , Jimmy Lin

Transfer learning is a popular strategy to improve the quality of low-resource machine translation. For an optimal transfer of the embedding layer, the child and parent model should share a substantial part of the vocabulary. This is not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Chantal Amrhein , Rico Sennrich

Tokenization is associated with many poorly understood shortcomings in language models (LMs), yet remains an important component for long sequence scaling purposes. This work studies how tokenization impacts model performance by analyzing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Buu Phan , Brandon Amos , Itai Gat , Marton Havasi , Matthew Muckley , Karen Ullrich

Text simplification aims at reducing the lexical, grammatical and structural complexity of a text while keeping the same meaning. In the context of machine translation, we introduce the idea of simplified translations in order to boost the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-20 Josep Crego , Jean Senellart

Neural machine translation (NMT) models learn representations containing substantial linguistic information. However, it is not clear if such information is fully distributed or if some of it can be attributed to individual neurons. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Anthony Bau , Yonatan Belinkov , Hassan Sajjad , Nadir Durrani , Fahim Dalvi , James Glass

Document-level Neural Machine Translation (DocNMT) has been proven crucial for handling discourse phenomena by introducing document-level context information. One of the most important directions is to input the whole document directly to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Zihan Liu , Zewei Sun , Shanbo Cheng , Shujian Huang , Mingxuan Wang

Zero-shot neural machine translation is an attractive goal because of the high cost of obtaining data and building translation systems for new translation directions. However, previous papers have reported mixed success in zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Annette Rios , Mathias Müller , Rico Sennrich

Although end-to-end Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has achieved remarkable progress in the past two years, it suffers from a major drawback: translations generated by NMT systems often lack of adequacy. It has been widely observed that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-22 Zhaopeng Tu , Yang Liu , Lifeng Shang , Xiaohua Liu , Hang Li

Data sparsity is one of the main challenges posed by code-switching (CS), which is further exacerbated in the case of morphologically rich languages. For the task of machine translation (MT), morphological segmentation has proven successful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Marwa Gaser , Manuel Mager , Injy Hamed , Nizar Habash , Slim Abdennadher , Ngoc Thang Vu

Tokenization is a fundamental component of large language models (LLMs), yet its influence on model scaling and performance is not fully explored. In this paper, we introduce Over-Tokenized Transformers, a novel framework that decouples…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Hongzhi Huang , Defa Zhu , Banggu Wu , Yutao Zeng , Ya Wang , Qiyang Min , Xun Zhou

We describe our recently developed neural machine translation (NMT) system and benchmark it against our own statistical machine translation (SMT) system as well as two other general purpose online engines (statistical and neural). We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-26 Pavel Levin , Nishikant Dhanuka , Maxim Khalilov