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We discuss the rotational excitation of small interstellar grains and the resulting electric dipole radiation from spinning dust. Attention is given to excitation and damping of rotation by: collisions with neutrals; collisions with ions;…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-05 B. T. Draine , A. Lazarian

The optical and near-infrared (OIR) polarization of starlight is typically understood to arise from the dichroic extinction of that light by dust grains whose axes are aligned with respect to a local magnetic-field. The size distribution of…

We investigate the possibility of cosmic ray (CR) confinement by charged dust grains through resonant drag instabilities (RDIs). We perform magnetohydrodynamic particle-in-cell simulations of magnetized gas mixed with charged dust and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-25 Suoqing Ji , Jonathan Squire , Philip F. Hopkins

Dust grains embedded in gas flow give rise to a class of hydrodynamic instabilities, called resonant drag instabilities. These instabilities have predominantly been studied for single grain sizes, in which case they are found to grow fast.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-07 Sijme-Jan Paardekooper , Hossam Aly

Recent space missions have provided information on the physical and chemical properties of interstellar grains such as the ratio $\beta$ of radiation pressure to gravity acting on the grains in addition to the composition, structure, and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-04-19 Hiroshi Kimura

Early dust grain growth in protostellar envelopes infalling on young discs has been suggested in recent studies, supporting the hypothesis that dust particles start to agglomerate already during the Class 0/I phase of young stellar objects…

We calculate the relative grain-grain motions arising from interstellar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. The MHD turbulence includes both fluid motions and magnetic fluctuations. While the fluid motions accelerate grains through…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Huirong Yan , A. Lazarian , B. T. Draine

We present opacity sampling model atmospheres, synthetic spectra and colors for brown dwarfs and very low mass stars in two limiting case of dust grain formation: 1) inefficient gravitational settling i.e. the dust is distributed according…

Motivated by a recent study by Lazarian and Draine, which showed that a high degree of grain alignment of the paramagnetic dust is achievable if the rates of internal relaxation are controlled by the Barnett relaxation process, we undertake…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 A. Lazarian , M. Efroimsky

Small dust grains are essential ingredients of star, disk and planet formation. We present an Eulerian numerical approach to study small dust grains dynamics in the context of star and protoplanetary disk formation. It is designed for…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-19 Ugo Lebreuilly , Benoît Commerçon , Guillaume Laibe

We model the ALMA and VLA millimeter radial profiles of the disk around HL Tau to constrain the properties of the dust grains. We adopt the disk evolutionary models of Lynden-Bell \& Pringle and calculate their temperature and density…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Carlos Tapia , Susana Lizano , Anibal Sierra , Carlos Carrasco-González , Elly Bayona-Bobadilla

Interstellar dust models are facing a "carbon crisis", so called because recent observations suggest that the abundance of carbon available for dust in the interstellar medium is less than half of the amount required to be tied up in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 E. Dwek

This paper investigates the impact of dust size distribution on magnetic resistivity. In particular, we focus on its impact when the maximum dust size significantly increases from sub-micron. The first half of the paper describes our…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-10 Yusuke Tsukamoto , Satoshi Okuzumi

Dust clouds influence the atmospheric structure of brown dwarfs, and they affect the heat transfer and change the gas-phase chemistry. However, the physics of their formation and evolution is not well understood. In this letter, we predict…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 CH. Helling , W. -F. Thi , P. Woitke , M. Fridlund

Polarized emission from interstellar dust grains is commonly used to infer information about the underlying magnetic field from the diffuse interstellar medium to molecular cloud cores. Therefore, the ability to accurately determine…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-19 Marco Leon Scheiter , Sebastian Wolf

Fits the infrared spectra from the nuclear regions of AGN can place constraints on the dust properties, distribution, and geometry by comparison with models. However, none of the currently available models fully describe the observations of…

Interstellar dust grain growth in dense clouds and protoplanetary disks, even moderate, affects the observed interstellar ice profiles as soon as a significant fraction of dust grains is in the size range close to the wave vector at the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-10-26 Emmanuel Dartois , Jennifer A. Noble , Nathalie Ysard , Karine Demyk , Marin Chabot

Theoretical studies have revealed that dust grains are usually moving fast through the turbulent interstellar gas, which could have significant effects upon interstellar chemistry by modifying grain accretion. This effect is investigated in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-12-09 J. X. Ge , J. H. He , H. R. Yan

Grain growth in protoplanetary disks is the first step towards the formation of the rocky cores of planets. Models predict that grains grow, migrate, and fragment in the disk and predict varying dust properties as a function of radius, age,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 F. Trotta , L. Testi , A. Natta , A. Isella , L. Ricci

We present spectral energy distribution (SED) models for the edge-on classical T Tauri star HH30 IRS that indicate dust grains have grown to larger than 50 microns within its circumstellar disk. The disk geometry and inclination are known…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Kenneth Wood , Michael J. Wolff , J. E. Bjorkman , Barbara Whitney