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We examine the velocity width of cool X-ray emitting material using XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) spectra of a sample of clusters and group of galaxies and elliptical galaxies. Improving on our previous analyses, we apply…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 J. S. Sanders , A. C. Fabian

This paper introduces a practical and accurate calibration method for camera spectral sensitivity using a diffraction grating. Accurate calibration of camera spectral sensitivity is crucial for various computer vision tasks, including color…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Lilika Makabe , Hiroaki Santo , Fumio Okura , Michael S. Brown , Yasuyuki Matsushita

Compact and efficient optical antennas are fundamental components for many applications, including high-density fiber-chip coupling and optical phased arrays. Here we present the design of grating-based micro-antennas with perfectly…

The demands on optical components to tolerate high radiation dose and manipulate hard x-ray beams that can fit the experiment requirements, are constantly increasing due to the advancements in the available x-ray sources. Here we have…

Astrophotonics is the next-generation approach that provides the means to miniaturize near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers for upcoming large telescopes and make them more robust and inexpensive. The target requirements for our spectrograph…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-07 Pradip Gatkine , Sylvain Veilleux , Yiwen Hu , Tiecheng Zhu , Yang Meng , Joss Bland-Hawthorn , Mario Dagenais

We present an experimental study on our first generation of custom-developed arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) on silica platform for spectroscopic applications in near-infrared astronomy. We provide a comprehensive description of the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-29 Andreas Stoll , Kalaga V. Madhav , Martin M. Roth

Soft protons are a potential threat for X-ray missions using grazing incidence optics, as once focused onto the detectors they can contribute to increase the background and possibly induce radiation damage as well. The assessment of these…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-20 R. Amato , S. Diebold , A. Guzman , E. Perinati , C. Tenzer , A. Santangelo , T. Mineo

We are developing instrumentation for a telescope design capable of measuring linear X-ray polarization over a broad-band using conventional spectroscopic optics. Multilayer-coated mirrors are key to this approach, being used as Bragg…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Herman L. Marshall , Norbert S. Schulz , Brian Remlinger , Eric S. Gentry , David L. Windt , Eric M. Gullikson

In-orbit experience has shown that soft protons are funneled more efficiently through focusing Wolter-type optics of X-ray observatories than simulations predicted. These protons can degrade the performance of solid-state X-ray detectors…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-04-07 S. Diebold , C. Tenzer , E. Perinati , A. Santangelo , M. Freyberg , P. Friedrich , J. Jochum

The measured experimental results of optical diffraction of 10, 5 and 3.4 micrometer period plasmonic surface relief grating are presented for the application of band-pass filter in visible spectral range. Conventional scanning electron…

Applied Physics · Physics 2017-08-24 Sudheer , S. Porwal , S. Bhartiya , C. Mukherjee , P. Tiwari , T. K. Sharma , V. N. Rai , A. K. Srivastava

Two-dimensional (2D) diffraction gratings offer a polarization-independent coupling solution between the planar photonic chips and optical fibers, with advantages including placement flexibility, ease of fabrication, and tolerance to…

Optics · Physics 2025-01-20 Wu Zhou , Kaihang Lu , Shijie Kang , Xiaoxiao Wu , Yeyu Tong

Context: XMM-Newton was launched on 10 December 1999 and has been operational since early 2000. One of the instruments onboard XMM-Newton is the reflection grating spectrometer (RGS). Two identical RGS instruments are available, with each…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-14 C. P. de Vries , J. W. den Herder , C. Gabriel , R. Gonzalez-Riestra , A. Ibarra , J. S. Kaastra , A. M. T. Pollock , A. J. J. Raassen , F. B. S. Paerels

We present the results of an experimental study of an advanced moderate-resolution spectrograph based on a cascade of narrow-band holographic gratings. The main goal of the project is to achieve a moderately high spectral resolutionwith R…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-22 Eduard Muslimov , Gennady Valyavin , Sergei Fabrika , Faig Musaev , Gazinur Galazutdinov , Nadezhda Pavlycheva , Eduard Emelyanov

We present the design, fabrication, and measured performance of metamaterial Anti-Reflection Cuttings (ARCs) for large-format alumina filters operating over more than an octave of bandwidth to be deployed on the Simons Observatory (SO). The…

We present an optical design of astronomic spectrograph based on a cascade of volume-phase holographic gratings. The cascade consists of three gratings. Each of them provides moderately high spectral resolution in a narrow range of 83 nm.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-16 Eduard R. Muslimov , Gennady G. Valyavin , Sergey N. Fabrika , Nadezhda K. Pavlycheva

While grating couplers have become the de-facto standard for optical access to integrated silicon photonics platforms, their performance at visible wavelengths, in moderate index contrast platforms like silicon nitride, leaves significant…

Continued improvement of the energy resolution of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectrometers is crucial for fulfilling the potential of this technique in the study of electron dynamics in materials of fundamental and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-09-11 Jungho Kim , D. Casa , Ayman Said , Richard Krakora , B. J. Kim , Elina Kasman , Xianrong Huang , T. Gog

High-precision spectrophotometry is highly desirable in detecting and characterizing close-in extrasolar planets to learn about their makeup and temperature. For such a goal, a modest-size telescope with a simple low-resolution…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. A. Kenworthy , P. M. Hinz

Efficient imaging of biomolecules, 2D materials and electromagnetic fields depends on retrieval of the phase of transmitted electrons. We demonstrate a method to measure phase in a scanning transmission electron microscope using a…

For the past 17 years, both XMM-Newton and Chandra have brought the powerful combination of high spatial and spectral resolution to the study of black hole systems. Each of these attributes requires special consideration--- in comparison to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-05-10 Michael A. Nowak