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We provide an inferential framework to assess variable importance for heterogeneous treatment effects. This assessment is especially useful in high-risk domains such as medicine, where decision makers hesitate to rely on black-box treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-11 Pawel Morzywolek , Peter B. Gilbert , Alex Luedtke

We consider inference about coefficients on a small number of variables of interest in a linear panel data model with additive unobserved individual and time specific effects and a large number of additional time-varying confounding…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-09-29 Christian Hansen , Yuan Liao

Learning heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) is an important problem across many fields. Most existing methods consider the setting with a single treatment arm and a single outcome metric. However, in many real world domains, experiments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Leon Yao , Caroline Lo , Israel Nir , Sarah Tan , Ariel Evnine , Adam Lerer , Alex Peysakhovich

Linear regressions with endogeneity are widely used to estimate causal effects. This paper studies a framework that involves two common practical issues: endogeneity of the regressors and heteroskedasticity that depends on endogenous…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-10 Javier Alejo , Antonio F. Galvao , Julian Martinez-Iriarte , Gabriel Montes-Rojas

Panel data models with unobserved heterogeneity in the form of interactive effects standardly assume that the time effects -- or ``common factors'' -- enter linearly. This assumption is restrictive because it concerns an unobserved…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-29 Christina Maschmann , Joakim Westerlund

Random-effects meta-analyses are widely used for evidence synthesis in medical research. However, conventional methods based on large-sample approximations often exhibit poor performance in case of very few studies (e.g., 2 to 4), which is…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-20 Ao Huang , Christian Röver , Tim Friede

This document offers a synthesis of recent economic literature on three interconnected areas of labor markets: informality, the effects of the minimum wage, and monopsony power. Through the consolidation and meta-analysis of findings from…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-09-26 Ricardo Alonzo Fernandez Salguero

We provide estimation methods for nonseparable panel models based on low-rank factor structure approximations. The factor structures are estimated by matrix-completion methods to deal with the computational challenges of principal component…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-03-05 Iván Fernández-Val , Hugo Freeman , Martin Weidner

Recent advances in causal inference have seen the development of methods which make use of the predictive power of machine learning algorithms. In this paper, we develop novel double machine learning (DML) procedures for panel data in which…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-01-03 Paul S. Clarke , Annalivia Polselli

In this review, we present econometric and statistical methods for analyzing randomized experiments. For basic experiments we stress randomization-based inference as opposed to sampling-based inference. In randomization-based inference,…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-26 Susan Athey , Guido Imbens

In this article, we consider identification, estimation, and inference procedures for treatment effect parameters using Difference-in-Differences (DiD) with (i) multiple time periods, (ii) variation in treatment timing, and (iii) when the…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-12-02 Brantly Callaway , Pedro H. C. Sant'Anna

This paper considers a nuclear norm penalized estimator for panel data models with interactive effects. The low-rank interactive effects can be an approximate model and the rank of the best approximation unknown and grow with sample size.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-05-06 Jad Beyhum , Eric Gautier

This paper provides estimation and inference methods for a conditional average treatment effects (CATE) characterized by a high-dimensional parameter in both homogeneous cross-sectional and unit-heterogeneous dynamic panel data settings. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-13 Vira Semenova , Matt Goldman , Victor Chernozhukov , Matt Taddy

This paper considers estimation and inference for heterogeneous counterfactual effects with high-dimensional data. We propose a novel robust score for debiased estimation of the unconditional quantile regression (Firpo, Fortin, and Lemieux,…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-02-25 Yuya Sasaki , Takuya Ura , Yichong Zhang

Statistical inference for large data panels is omnipresent in modern economic applications. An important benefit of panel analysis is the possibility to reduce noise and thus to guarantee stable inference by intersectional pooling. However,…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-15 Tim Kutta , Holger Dette

Low-rank matrix factorization is a powerful tool for understanding the structure of 2-way data, and is usually accomplished by minimizing a sum of squares criterion. Expectile analysis generalizes squared-error loss by introducing…

Applications · Statistics 2025-05-06 Shuge Ouyang , Yunxuan Tang , Benjamin Osafo Agyare

The heterogeneity of the influence processes is an important feature of social systems: how we perceive social influence and how we influence other individuals is heavily influenced by our opinion and non-opinion attributes. The latter…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Ivan V. Kozitsin

The singular value decomposition is widely used to approximate data matrices with lower rank matrices. Feng and He [Ann. Appl. Stat. 3 (2009) 1634-1654] developed tests on dimensionality of the mean structure of a data matrix based on the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-02-28 Xingdong Feng , Xuming He

Researchers are increasingly turning to machine learning (ML) algorithms to investigate causal heterogeneity in randomized experiments. Despite their promise, ML algorithms may fail to accurately ascertain heterogeneous treatment effects…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-23 Kosuke Imai , Michael Lingzhi Li

The present paper proposes a new treatment effects estimator that is valid when the number of time periods is small, and the parallel trends condition holds conditional on covariates and unobserved heterogeneity in the form of interactive…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-06-16 Nicholas Brown , Kyle Butts , Joakim Westerlund