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The recognition of rare named entities, such as personal names and terminologies, is challenging for automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems, especially when they are not frequently observed in the training data. In this paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yuang Li , Min Zhang , Chang Su , Yinglu Li , Xiaosong Qiao , Mengxin Ren , Miaomiao Ma , Daimeng Wei , Shimin Tao , Hao Yang

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has seen remarkable progress, with models like OpenAI Whisper and NVIDIA Canary achieving state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance in offline transcription. However, these models are not designed for streaming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Tomer Krichli , Bhiksha Raj , Joseph Keshet

Interacting with a speech interface to query a Question Answering (QA) system is becoming increasingly popular. Typically, QA systems rely on passage retrieval to select candidate contexts and reading comprehension to extract the final…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Georgios Sidiropoulos , Svitlana Vakulenko , Evangelos Kanoulas

In this paper, we present a novel approach to adapt a sequence-to-sequence Transformer-Transducer ASR system to the keyword spotting (KWS) task. We achieve this by replacing the keyword in the text transcription with a special token <kw>…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-15 Beltrán Labrador , Guanlong Zhao , Ignacio López Moreno , Angelo Scorza Scarpati , Liam Fowl , Quan Wang

While speech recognition Word Error Rate (WER) has reached human parity for English, continuous speech recognition scenarios such as voice typing and meeting transcriptions still suffer from segmentation and punctuation problems, resulting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Piyush Behre , Sharman Tan , Padma Varadharajan , Shuangyu Chang

Humans have the ability to utilize visual cues, such as lip movements and visual scenes, to enhance auditory perception, particularly in noisy environments. However, current Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) or Audio-Visual Speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Lakshmipathi Balaji , Karan Singla

A deep learning approach has been widely applied in sequence modeling problems. In terms of automatic speech recognition (ASR), its performance has significantly been improved by increasing large speech corpus and deeper neural network.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-28 Zewang Zhang , Zheng Sun , Jiaqi Liu , Jingwen Chen , Zhao Huo , Xiao Zhang

Mobile devices are transforming the way people interact with computers, and speech interfaces to applications are ever more important. Automatic Speech Recognition systems recently published are very accurate, but often require powerful…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-30 Ilnar Salimzianov

Keyword Spotting (KWS) enables speech-based user interaction on smart devices. Always-on and battery-powered application scenarios for smart devices put constraints on hardware resources and power consumption, while also demanding high…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-05 Simon Mittermaier , Ludwig Kürzinger , Bernd Waschneck , Gerhard Rigoll

Keyword spotting (KWS) is experiencing an upswing due to the pervasiveness of small electronic devices that allow interaction with them via speech. Often, KWS systems are speaker-independent, which means that any person --user or not--…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Iván López-Espejo , Zheng-Hua Tan , Jesper Jensen

Nowadays, speech is becoming a more common, if not standard, interface to technology. This can be seen in the trend of technology changes over the years. Increasingly, voice is used to control programs, appliances and personal devices…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Abraham Glasser

Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC), a non-autoregressive training criterion, is widely used in online keyword spotting (KWS). However, existing CTC-based KWS decoding strategies either rely on Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR),…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-25 Yu Xi , Haoyu Li , Xiaoyu Gu , Hao Li , Yidi Jiang , Kai Yu

Audiovisual speech recognition (AVSR) is a method to alleviate the adverse effect of noise in the acoustic signal. Leveraging recent developments in deep neural network-based speech recognition, we present an AVSR neural network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Michael Wand , Ngoc Thang Vu , Juergen Schmidhuber

Keyword spotting (KWS) is a crucial function enabling the interaction with the many ubiquitous smart devices in our surroundings, either activating them through wake-word or directly as a human-computer interface. For many applications, KWS…

With computers getting more and more powerful and integrated in our daily lives, the focus is increasingly shifting towards more human-friendly interfaces, making Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) a central player as the ideal means of…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Dennis Pinto , Jose-María Arnau , Antonio González

Robustness against noise is critical for keyword spotting (KWS) in real-world environments. To improve the robustness, a speech enhancement front-end is involved. Instead of treating the speech enhancement as a separated preprocessing…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Yue Gu , Zhihao Du , Hui Zhang , Xueliang Zhang

Streaming end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) models are widely used on smart speakers and on-device applications. Since these models are expected to transcribe speech with minimal latency, they are constrained to be causal with…

Keyword spotting (KWS) is essential for voice-driven applications, demanding both accuracy and efficiency. Traditional ASR-based KWS methods, such as greedy and beam search, explore the entire search space without explicitly prioritizing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Yu Xi , Haoyu Li , Xiaoyu Gu , Yidi Jiang , Kai Yu

End-to-end (E2E) systems have achieved competitive results compared to conventional hybrid hidden Markov model (HMM)-deep neural network based automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. Such E2E systems are attractive due to the lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Kartik Audhkhasi , Andrew Rosenberg , Abhinav Sethy , Bhuvana Ramabhadran , Brian Kingsbury

Recent dialogue systems rely on turn-based spoken interactions, requiring accurate Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). Errors in ASR can significantly impact downstream dialogue tasks. To address this, using dialogue context from user and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Wonjun Lee , San Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee