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Related papers: Using Pupil Diameter to Measure Cognitive Load

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Continuous assessment of task difficulty and mental workload is essential in improving the usability and accessibility of interactive systems. Eye tracking data has often been investigated to achieve this ability, with reports on the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Youngjun Cho

While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) monitoring offers a unique opportunity for AI safety, this opportunity could be lost through shifts in training practices or model architecture. To help preserve monitorability, we propose a pragmatic way to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Scott Emmons , Roland S. Zimmermann , David K. Elson , Rohin Shah

The application of psychophysiological signals in human-computer interaction is a growing field with significant potential for future smart personalised systems. Working in this emerging field requires comprehension of an array of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-09-01 Oswald Barral

This study compares user behavior between real and virtual supermarket shelves using eye tracking technology to assess behavior in both environments. A sample of 29 participants was randomly assigned to two conditions: a real world…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Francesco Vona , Julia Schorlemmer , Paulina Kaulard , Sebastian Fischer , Jessica Stemann , Jan-Niklas Voigt-Antons

The ongoing trend towards Industry 4.0 has revolutionised ordinary workplaces, profoundly changing the role played by humans in the production chain. Research on ergonomics in industrial settings mainly focuses on reducing the operator's…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Marta Lagomarsino , Marta Lorenzini , Elena De Momi , Arash Ajoudani

Time pressure and question difficulty can trigger stress and cognitive overload in web-based surveys, compromising data quality and user experience. Most stress detection methods are based on low-resolution self-reports, which are poorly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ailin Liu , Francesco Chiossi , Felix Henninger , Lisa Bondo Andersen , Tobias Wistuba , Sonja Greven , Frauke Kreuter , Fiona Draxler

It has recently become increasingly important to measure the cognitive load of developers. This is because continuing with a development under a high cognitive load may cause human errors. Therefore, to automatically measure the cognitive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Keitaro Nakasai , Shin Komeda , Masateru Tsunoda , Masayuki Kashima

Gaze-based virtual keyboards provide an effective interface for text entry by eye movements. The efficiency and usability of these keyboards have traditionally been evaluated with conventional text entry performance measures such as words…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Korok Sengupta , Jun Sun , Raphael Menges , Chandan Kumar , Steffen Staab

Debugging is a demanding aspect of programming yet guidance on how to teach it effectively remains limited. Novices often struggle to recognize impasses regulate their problem solving and manage cognitive load and stress. This study…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Anahita Golrang , Kshitij Sharma

MoodPupilar introduces a novel method for mood evaluation using pupillary response captured by a smartphone's front-facing camera during daily use. Over a four-week period, data was gathered from 25 participants to develop models capable of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Rahul Islam , Tongze Zhang , Priyanshu Singh Bisen , Sang Won Bae

Designing 3D User Interfaces (UI) requires adequate evaluation tools to ensure good usability and user experience. While many evaluation tools are already available and widely used, existing approaches generally cannot provide continuous…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2015-06-01 Dennis Wobrock , Jérémy Frey , Delphine Graeff , Jean-Baptiste De La Rivière , Julien Castet , Fabien Lotte

Eye-tracking technologies have been widely used in applications like psychological studies and human computer interactions (HCI). However, most current eye trackers focus on 2D point of gaze (PoG) estimation and cannot provide accurate gaze…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Jinglin Sun , Zhipeng Wu , Han Wang , Peiguang Jing , Yu Liu

Earable acoustic sensing offers a powerful and non-invasive modality for capturing fine-grained auditory and physiological signals directly from the ear canal, enabling continuous and context-aware monitoring of cognitive states. As earable…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Xijia Wei , Ting Dang , Khaldoon Al-Naimi , Yang Liu , Fahim Kawsar , Alessandro Montanari

In this paper, we introduce a portable eye imaging device denoted as lab-on-a-headset, which can automatically perform a swinging flashlight test. We utilized this device in a clinical study to obtain high-resolution recordings of eyes…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-23 Dogancan Temel , Melvin J. Mathew , Ghassan AlRegib , Yousuf M. Khalifa

College students experience many stressors, resulting in high levels of anxiety and depression. Wearable technology provides unobtrusive sensor data that can be used for the early detection of mental illness. However, current research is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Rebecca Lopez , Avantika Shrestha , ML Tlachac , Kevin Hickey , Xingtong Guo , Shichao Liu , Elke Rundensteiner

Non-intrusive, real-time analysis of the dynamics of the eye region allows us to monitor humans' visual attention allocation and estimate their mental state during the performance of real-world tasks, which can potentially benefit a wide…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Li Ding , Jack Terwilliger , Aishni Parab , Meng Wang , Lex Fridman , Bruce Mehler , Bryan Reimer

Smart glasses with AI assistants are increasingly used in daily life. However, current systems lack awareness of the user's internal cognitive state, leaving them unable to proactively anticipate users' needs without access to cognitive…

Lower-limb exosuits are particularly relevant for individuals with some degree of mobility impairment, such as post-stroke patients or older adults with reduced movement capabilities. This study aims to investigate the mental workload (MWL)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-17 Giulia Mariani , Chiara Lambranzi , Nicholas Cartocci , Giacinto Barresi , Christian Di Natali , Elena De Momi , Jesus Ortiz

This paper presents a low-cost eye-tracker aimed at carrying out tests based on a Visual Paired Comparison protocol for the early detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment. The proposed eye-tracking system is based on machine learning…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Danilo Greco , Francesco Masulli , Stefano Rovetta , Alberto Cabri , Davide Daffonchio

In this paper, we consider the problem of visual scanning mechanism underpinning sensorimotor tasks, such as walking and driving, in dynamic environments. We exploit eye tracking data for offering two new cognitive effort measures in visual…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Runlin Zhang , Qing Xu , Simon Parkinson , Klaus Schoeffmann , Yu Chen