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We introduce COLA, a self-supervised pre-training approach for learning a general-purpose representation of audio. Our approach is based on contrastive learning: it learns a representation which assigns high similarity to audio segments…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Aaqib Saeed , David Grangier , Neil Zeghidour

We initiate a study of the geometry of the visual representation space -- the information channel from the vision encoder to the action decoder -- in an image-based control pipeline learned from behavior cloning. Inspired by the phenomenon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Han Qi , Haocheng Yin , Heng Yang

In this paper we propose a strategy for semi-supervised image classification that leverages unsupervised representation learning and co-training. The strategy, that is called CURL from Co-trained Unsupervised Representation Learning,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-14 Simone Bianco , Gianluigi Ciocca , Claudio Cusano

Multi-vector models, such as ColBERT, are a significant advancement in neural information retrieval (IR), delivering state-of-the-art performance by representing queries and documents by multiple contextualized token-level embeddings.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-19 João Veneroso , Rajesh Jayaram , Jinmeng Rao , Gustavo Hernández Ábrego , Majid Hadian , Daniel Cer

Contrastive representation learning (CRL) underpins many modern foundation models. Despite recent theoretical progress, existing analyses suffer from several key limitations: (i) the statistical consistency of CRL remains poorly understood;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yuanfan Li , Xiyuan Wei , Tianbao Yang , Yiming Ying

Causal representation learning (CRL) models aim to transform high-dimensional data into a latent space, enabling interventions to generate counterfactual samples or modify existing data based on the causal relationships among latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Alireza Sadeghi , Wael AbdAlmageed

Contrastive Learning (CL) performances as a rising approach to address the challenge of sparse and noisy recommendation data. Although having achieved promising results, most existing CL methods only perform either hand-crafted data or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Xiuyuan Qin , Huanhuan Yuan , Pengpeng Zhao , Junhua Fang , Fuzhen Zhuang , Guanfeng Liu , Victor Sheng

Class incremental learning (CIL) aims to enable models to continuously learn new classes without catastrophically forgetting old ones. A promising direction is to learn and use prototypes of classes during incremental updates. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Huitong Chen , Yu Wang , Yan Fan , Guosong Jiang , Qinghua Hu

Cross entropy loss has served as the main objective function for classification-based tasks. Widely deployed for learning neural network classifiers, it shows both effectiveness and a probabilistic interpretation. Recently, after the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Rahaf Aljundi , Yash Patel , Milan Sulc , Daniel Olmeda , Nikolay Chumerin

Neural network representations contain structure beyond what was present in the training labels. For instance, representations of images that are visually or semantically similar tend to lie closer to each other than to dissimilar images,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Thao Nguyen , Simon Kornblith

Recently, some contrastive learning methods have been proposed to simultaneously learn representations and clustering assignments, achieving significant improvements. However, these methods do not take the category information and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Huasong Zhong , Jianlong Wu , Chong Chen , Jianqiang Huang , Minghua Deng , Liqiang Nie , Zhouchen Lin , Xian-Sheng Hua

Cross-modal retrieval (CMR) has been extensively applied in various domains, such as multimedia search engines and recommendation systems. Most existing CMR methods focus on image-to-text retrieval, whereas audio-to-text retrieval, a less…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Kaiyi Luo , Xulong Zhang , Jianzong Wang , Huaxiong Li , Ning Cheng , Jing Xiao

Graph clustering is a crucial task in network analysis with widespread applications, focusing on partitioning nodes into distinct groups with stronger intra-group connections than inter-group ones. Recently, contrastive learning has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Xunlian Wu , Jingqi Hu , Anqi Zhang , Yining Quan , Qiguang Miao , Peng Gang Sun

Curriculum learning can improve neural network training by guiding the optimization to desirable optima. We propose a novel curriculum learning approach for image classification that adapts the loss function by changing the label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Urun Dogan , Aniket Anand Deshmukh , Marcin Machura , Christian Igel

Causal representation learning (CRL) enhances machine learning models' robustness and generalizability by learning structural causal models associated with data-generating processes. We focus on a family of CRL methods that uses contrastive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-17 Xiusi Li , Sékou-Oumar Kaba , Siamak Ravanbakhsh

In supervised deep learning, learning good representations for remote--sensing images (RSI) relies on manual annotations. However, in the area of remote sensing, it is hard to obtain huge amounts of labeled data. Recently, self--supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Qinglin Li , Bin Li , Jonathan M Garibaldi , Guoping Qiu

The past two decades have seen increasingly rapid advances in the field of multi-view representation learning due to it extracting useful information from diverse domains to facilitate the development of multi-view applications. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Guanzhou Ke , Guoqing Chao , Xiaoli Wang , Chenyang Xu , Yongqi Zhu , Yang Yu

Collecting labeled data for the task of semantic segmentation is expensive and time-consuming, as it requires dense pixel-level annotations. While recent Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based semantic segmentation approaches have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Xiangyun Zhao , Raviteja Vemulapalli , Philip Mansfield , Boqing Gong , Bradley Green , Lior Shapira , Ying Wu

Contrastive Learning (CL) has been successfully applied to classification and other downstream tasks related to concrete concepts, such as objects contained in the ImageNet dataset. No attempts seem to have been made so far in applying this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Daniel N. Nissani

Contrastive representation learning has proven to be an effective self-supervised learning method for images and videos. Most successful approaches are based on Noise Contrastive Estimation (NCE) and use different views of an instance as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Julien Denize , Jaonary Rabarisoa , Astrid Orcesi , Romain Hérault