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Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have the ability to retain memory and learn data sequences. Due to the recurrent nature of RNNs, it is sometimes hard to parallelize all its computations on conventional hardware. CPUs do not currently offer…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-03-07 Andre Xian Ming Chang , Berin Martini , Eugenio Culurciello

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), which are a powerful scheme for modeling temporal and sequential data need to capture long-term dependencies on datasets and represent them in hidden layers with a powerful model to capture more information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-08 Andros Tjandra , Sakriani Sakti , Ruli Manurung , Mirna Adriani , Satoshi Nakamura

The use of future contextual information is typically shown to be helpful for acoustic modeling. However, for the recurrent neural network (RNN), it's not so easy to model the future temporal context effectively, meanwhile keep lower model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Jie Li , Xiaorui Wang , Yuanyuan Zhao , Yan Li

Long short-term memory (LSTM) based acoustic modeling methods have recently been shown to give state-of-the-art performance on some speech recognition tasks. To achieve a further performance improvement, in this research, deep extensions on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-05-12 Xiangang Li , Xihong Wu

This paper introduces a new Dynamic Gated Recurrent Neural Network (DG-RNN) for compute-efficient speech enhancement models running on resource-constrained hardware platforms. It leverages the slow evolution characteristic of RNN hidden…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-25 Longbiao Cheng , Ashutosh Pandey , Buye Xu , Tobi Delbruck , Shih-Chii Liu

Speech recognition is largely taking advantage of deep learning, showing that substantial benefits can be obtained by modern Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). The most popular RNNs are Long Short-Term Memory (LSTMs), which typically reach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Mirco Ravanelli , Philemon Brakel , Maurizio Omologo , Yoshua Bengio

In recent years the field of neuromorphic low-power systems that consume orders of magnitude less power gained significant momentum. However, their wider use is still hindered by the lack of algorithms that can harness the strengths of such…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-01-19 Peter U. Diehl , Guido Zarrella , Andrew Cassidy , Bruno U. Pedroni , Emre Neftci

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are powerful architectures to model sequential data, due to their capability to learn short and long-term dependencies between the basic elements of a sequence. Nonetheless, popular tasks such as speech or…

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) based automatic speech recognition has nowadays become prevalent on mobile devices such as smart phones. However, previous RNN compression techniques either suffer from hardware performance overhead due to…

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have drawn interest from machine learning researchers because of their effectiveness at preserving past inputs for time-varying data processing tasks. To understand the success and limitations of RNNs, it is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-30 Adam Charles , Dong Yin , Christopher Rozell

The emergence of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) solves the problems of vanishing gradient and exploding gradient in traditional Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). LSTM, as a new type of RNN, has been widely used in various fields, such as text…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Sida Xing , Feihu Han , Suiyang Khoo

Nowadays, shallow and deep Neural Networks (NNs) have vast applications including biomedical engineering, image processing, computer vision, and speech recognition. Many researchers have developed hardware accelerators including…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Amir-Hossein Kiamarzi , Pezhman Torabi , Reza Sameni

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are powerful tools for solving sequence-based problems, but their efficacy and execution time are dependent on the size of the network. Following recent work in simplifying these networks with model pruning…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-30 Feiwen Zhu , Jeff Pool , Michael Andersch , Jeremy Appleyard , Fung Xie

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are useful in temporal sequence tasks. However, training RNNs involves dense matrix multiplications which require hardware that can support a large number of arithmetic operations and memory accesses.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Xi Chen , Chang Gao , Zuowen Wang , Longbiao Cheng , Sheng Zhou , Shih-Chii Liu , Tobi Delbruck

Several variants of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with orthogonal or unitary recurrent matrices have recently been developed to mitigate the vanishing/exploding gradient problem and to model long-term dependencies of sequences. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Kyle Helfrich , Qiang Ye

Recurrent neural networks (RNN) are at the core of modern automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. In particular, long-short term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks have achieved state-of-the-art results in many speech recognition…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-08 Titouan Parcollet , Mohamed Morchid , Georges Linarès , Renato De Mori

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a widely used tool for diagnosing brain disorders due to its high temporal resolution, non-invasive nature, and affordability. Manual analysis of EEG is labor-intensive and requires expertise, making…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-19 Salim Rukhsar , Anil Kumar Tiwari

The Long-Short-Term-Memory Recurrent Neural Networks (LSTM RNNs) are a popular class of machine learning models for analyzing sequential data. Their training on modern GPUs, however, is limited by the GPU memory capacity. Our profiling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Bojian Zheng , Abhishek Tiwari , Nandita Vijaykumar , Gennady Pekhimenko

We propose a neural network-based speech enhancement (SE) method called the phase-aware recurrent two stage network (rTSN). The rTSN is an extension of our previously proposed two stage network (TSN) framework. This TSN framework was…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-28 Juntae Kim , Jaesung Bae

Recurrent Neural Networks and in particular Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks have demonstrated state-of-the-art accuracy in several emerging Artificial Intelligence tasks. However, the models are becoming increasingly demanding in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-10 Michalis Rizakis , Stylianos I. Venieris , Alexandros Kouris , Christos-Savvas Bouganis