Related papers: Mechanical properties of particles
We define the form factors of the quark and gluon symmetric energy-momentum tensor (EMT). The static EMT is related to the spatial distributions of energy, spin, pressure and shear forces. They are obtained in the form of a multipole…
The energy-momentum tensor (EMT) for a spin-3/2 baryon is related to \emph{seven} mechanical quantities. In this work, we provide the general form of the gravitational form factors (GFFs) for a spin-3/2 baryon by using the multipole…
Energy momentum tensor (EMT) expresses the interaction between the gravitation and the matter fields, in which the scattering off the graviton is a natural but infeasible probe. However, the EMT can be accessed indirectly through…
The probably most fundamental information about a particle is contained in the matrix elements of its energy momentum tensor (EMT) which are accessible from hard-exclusive reactions via generalized parton distribution functions. The spin…
This work deals with form factors of the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) of spin-0 particles and the unknown particle property D-term related to the EMT, and is divided into three parts. The first part explores free, weakly and strongly…
Results for the proton and neutron electric and magnetic form factors as well as the nucleon axial form factor are presented for constituent quark models, based on either one-gluon-exchange and Goldstone-boson-exchange dynamics. The…
The energy-momentum tensor (EMT) form factors pave new ways for exploring hadron structure. Especially the D-term related to the EMT form factor D(t) has received a lot of attention due to its attractive physical interpretation in terms of…
A classical model of a stable particle of finite size is studied. The model parameters can be chosen such that the described particle has the mass and radius of a proton. Using the energy-momentum tensor (EMT), we show how the presence of…
The energy-momentum tensor (EMT) of the proton encodes fundamental information about its mass, pressure, and shear distributions. Using recent lattice QCD data for the gravitational form factors, we show that the Breit-frame Wigner EMT may…
This work is focused on the theory of Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM). In the first part of this work we present a brief review of gravitoelectromagnetism, we locate and discuss all the problems which appear in this approach. We also try to…
Nucleon elastic and transition form factors are analyzed in the framework of a collective model of baryons. Effects of meson cloud couplings and relativistic corrections are considered.
The internal structure of hadrons is characterized by form factors which correspond to matrix elements of currents. Among those, the stress-energy-momentum tensor is a universally conserved quantity providing the gravitational form factors,…
The physics related to the form factors of the energy momentum tensor spans a wide spectrum of problems, and includes gravitational physics, hard exclusive reactions, hadronic decays of heavy quarkonia, and the physics of exotic hadrons…
The electron-graviton interaction can be described in terms of the gravitational form factors of the QED energy momentum tensor. Here we focus on the form factor D(t), and we examine its properties and its interpretation in terms of…
Form factors are Lorentz invariant functions describing the internal structure of a system. In particular, they encode how physical properties like, e.g., charge, energy, momentum, and pressure are spatially distributed. While nucleon…
We generalize the mechanical interpretation of the forces between quark and gluon subsystems, previously studied for the nucleon, to arbitrary higher-spin particles. For spin-0 and spin-1/2 particles, this force is characterized by the…
Elastic electromagnetic nucleon form factors have long provided vital information about the structure and composition of these most basic elements of nuclear physics. The form factors are a measurable and physical manifestation of the…
The $\rho$ meson gravitational form factors are studied based on a light-front constituent quark model which has been successfully employed to calculate its generalized parton distributions and some low-energy observables. The distributions…
The 4-index energy-momentum tensors for gravitation and matter are analyzed on the basis of new equations for the gravitational field with the Riemann tensor. Some properties of the such defined gravitational energy are discussed.
The physics of the gravitational form factors of the proton, and their understanding within quantum chromodynamics, has advanced significantly in the past two decades through both theory and experiment. This Colloquium provides an overview…