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Augmenting large language models (LLMs) with browsing tools substantially improves their potential as deep search agents to solve complex, real-world tasks. Yet, open LLMs still perform poorly in such settings due to limited long-horizon…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Rui Lu , Zhenyu Hou , Zihan Wang , Hanchen Zhang , Xiao Liu , Yujiang Li , Shi Feng , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

This paper introduces a novel Deep Researcher architecture designed to generate detailed research reports on complex PhD level topics by addressing the inherent limitations of the Parallel Scaling paradigm. Our system utilizes two key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Saurav Prateek

This research paper delves into the application of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) in asset-class agnostic portfolio optimization, integrating industry-grade methodologies with quantitative finance. At the heart of this integration is our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Philip Ndikum , Serge Ndikum

Recursive neural networks have widely been used by researchers to handle applications with recursively or hierarchically structured data. However, embedded control flow deep learning frameworks such as TensorFlow, Theano, Caffe2, and MXNet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Eunji Jeong , Joo Seong Jeong , Soojeong Kim , Gyeong-In Yu , Byung-Gon Chun

The past few years have seen rapid progress in combining reinforcement learning (RL) with deep learning. Various breakthroughs ranging from games to robotics have spurred the interest in designing sophisticated RL algorithms and systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Zhihui Xie , Zichuan Lin , Junyou Li , Shuai Li , Deheng Ye

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a learning paradigm concerned with learning to control a system so as to maximize an objective over the long term. This approach to learning has received immense interest in recent times and success manifests…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Sanyam Kapoor

Deep Reinforcement Learning (Deep RL) has had incredible achievements on high dimensional problems, yet its learning process remains unstable even on the simplest tasks. Deep RL uses neural networks as function approximators. These neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Riccardo Della Vecchia , Alena Shilova , Philippe Preux , Riad Akrour

Deep Learning (DL) has been successfully applied to a wide range of application domains, including safety-critical ones. Several DL testing approaches have been recently proposed in the literature but none of them aims to assess how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Tahereh Zohdinasab , Vincenzo Riccio , Alessio Gambi , Paolo Tonella

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a branch of machine learning which is employed to solve various sequential decision making problems without proper supervision. Due to the recent advancement of deep learning, the newly proposed Deep-RL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Dhruv Ramani

Deep learning is a branch of artificial intelligence employing deep neural network architectures that has significantly advanced the state-of-the-art in computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing and other domains. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-10-06 Peter Goldsborough

Reinforcement learning is about learning agent models that make the best sequential decisions in unknown environments. In an unknown environment, the agent needs to explore the environment while exploiting the collected information, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Hong Qian , Yang Yu

Recent developments in Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents have shown impressive capabilities spanning multiple domains, exemplified by deep research systems that demonstrate superior performance on complex information-seeking and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ailing Yu , Lan Yao , Jingnan Liu , Zhe Chen , Jiajun Yin , Yuan Wang , Xinhao Liao , Zhiling Ye , Ji Li , Yun Yue , Hansong Xiao , Hualei Zhou , Chunxiao Guo , Peng Wei , Junwei Liu , Jinjie Gu

Deep learning based recommender systems have been extensively explored in recent years. However, the large number of models proposed each year poses a big challenge for both researchers and practitioners in reproducing the results for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Shuai Zhang , Yi Tay , Lina Yao , Bin Wu , Aixin Sun

Deep reinforcement learning has recently seen huge success across multiple areas in the robotics domain. Owing to the limitations of gathering real-world data, i.e., sample inefficiency and the cost of collecting it, simulation environments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Wenshuai Zhao , Jorge Peña Queralta , Tomi Westerlund

Bipedal robots are gaining global recognition due to their potential applications and advancements in artificial intelligence, particularly through Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). While DRL has significantly advanced bipedal locomotion,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Lingfan Bao , Joseph Humphreys , Tianhu Peng , Chengxu Zhou

As a paradigm for sequential decision making in unknown environments, reinforcement learning (RL) has received a flurry of attention in recent years. However, the explosion of model complexity in emerging applications and the presence of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-22 Yuejie Chi , Yuxin Chen , Yuting Wei

Reinforcement learning has been increasingly applied in monitoring applications because of its ability to learn from previous experiences and can make adaptive decisions. However, existing machine learning-based health monitoring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Thanveer Shaik , Xiaohui Tao , Lin Li , Haoran Xie , U R Acharya , Raj Gururajan , Xujuan Zhou

Several applications in the scientific simulation of physical systems can be formulated as control/optimization problems. The computational models for such systems generally contain hyperparameters, which control solution fidelity and…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-12-09 Suraj Pawar , Romit Maulik

The development of autonomous agents for complex, long-horizon tasks is a central goal in AI. However, dominant training paradigms face a critical limitation: reinforcement learning (RL) methods that optimize solely for final task success…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Zijing Zhang , Ziyang Chen , Mingxiao Li , Zhaopeng Tu , Xiaolong Li

We present a novel method for Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), incorporating the convex property of the value function over the belief space in Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs). We introduce hard- and soft-enforced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Daniel Koutas , Daniel Hettegger , Kostas G. Papakonstantinou , Daniel Straub