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We offer a view of mathematics as an experimental science where axioms play the role of foundational theories like general relativity and quantum mechanics in physics. Under this view, axioms are provisional and inferred from experience…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Asvin G

Abduction, first proposed in the setting of classical logics, has been studied with growing interest in the logic programming area during the last years. In this paper we study abduction with penalization in the logic programming framework.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Simona Perri , Francesco Scarcello , Nicola Leone

This chapter does not deal with specific tools and techniques for managing complex systems, but proposes some basic concepts that help us to think and speak about complexity. We review classical thinking and its intrinsic drawbacks when…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlos Gershenson , Francis Heylighen

How can we perform computations over natural language representations to solve tasks that require symbolic and numeric reasoning? We propose natural language embedded programs (NLEP) as a unifying framework for addressing math/symbolic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Tianhua Zhang , Jiaxin Ge , Hongyin Luo , Yung-Sung Chuang , Mingye Gao , Yuan Gong , Xixin Wu , Yoon Kim , Helen Meng , James Glass

In everyday life it happens that a person has to reason about what other people think and how they behave, in order to achieve his goals. In other words, an individual may be required to adapt his behaviour by reasoning about the others'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Francesco Buccafurri , Gianluca Caminiti

Working with stories and working with computations require very different modes of thought. We call the first mode "story-thinking" and the second "computational-thinking". The aim of this curiosity-driven paper is to explore the nature of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Austen Rainer , Catherine Menon

This essay considers the special character of mathematical reasoning, and draws on observations from interactive theorem proving and the history of mathematics to clarify the nature of formal and informal mathematical language. It proposes…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2015-08-24 Jeremy Avigad

Logic reasoning has been critically needed in problem-solving and decision-making. Although Language Models (LMs) have demonstrated capabilities of handling multiple reasoning tasks (e.g., commonsense reasoning), their ability to reason…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Zhexiong Liu , Jing Zhang , Jiaying Lu , Wenjing Ma , Joyce C Ho

I am most honoured to have the privilege to present the Foreword to this fascinating and wonderfully varied collection of contributions, concerning the nature of computation and of its deep connection with the operation of those basic laws,…

General Literature · Computer Science 2012-05-29 Roger Penrose

Algorithmic fractal dimensions -- constructs of computability theory -- have recently been used to answer open questions in classical geometric measure theory, questions of mathematical analysis whose statements do not involve computability…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Jack H. Lutz , Neil Lutz

Debates concerning philosophical grounds for the validity of classical and intuitionistic logics often have the very nature of logical proofs as one of the main points of controversy. The intuitionist advocates for a strict notion of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Victor Nascimento , Luiz Carlos Pereira , Elaine Pimentel

Quantum models of computation are widely believed to be more powerful than classical ones. Efforts center on proving that, for a given problem, quantum algorithms are more resource efficient than any classical one. All this, however,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-16 Jacques Carette , Gerardo Ortiz , Amr Sabry

Probabilistic argumentation allows reasoning about argumentation problems in a way that is well-founded by probability theory. However, in practice, this approach can be severely limited by the fact that probabilities are defined by adding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Nico Potyka

This article supports the epistemological claim that sound human reasoning about ultimate knowledge is either foundational or circularly justified. In particular, questions which naturally arise in theology, philosophy, and related…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-08-29 Chad R. Mangum

Abductive reasoning is a popular non-monotonic paradigm that aims to explain observed symptoms and manifestations. It has many applications, such as diagnosis and planning in artificial intelligence and database updates. In propositional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Johannes Schmidt , Mohamed Maizia , Victor Lagerkvist , Johannes K. Fichte

Evidence-based reasoning is at the core of many problem-solving and decision-making tasks in a wide variety of domains. Generalizing from the research and development of cognitive agents in several such domains, this paper presents progress…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Gheorghe Tecuci , Dorin Marcu , Mihai Boicu , Steven Meckl , Chirag Uttamsingh

This piece plays with the idea of the Computocene: an era defined not merely by the ubiquity of computers, but by their deepening role in how we observe, interpret, and make sense of the world. Rather than emphasizing automation, speed,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Simone Severini

This paper introduces abstractions that are meaningful for computers and that can be built and used according to computers' own criteria, i.e., computable abstractions. It is analyzed how abstractions can be seen to serve as the building…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-03-31 Alejandro Sanchez Guinea

A logic programming paradigm which expresses solutions to problems as stable models has recently been promoted as a declarative approach to solving various combinatorial and search problems, including planning problems. In this paradigm,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Maurice Bruynooghe

Classical probability theory is formulated using sets. In this paper, we extend classical probability theory with propositional computability logic. Unlike other formalisms, computability logic is built on the notion of events/games, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Keehang Kwon