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With the establishment of the AUT University 12m radio telescope at Warkworth, New Zealand has now become a part of the international Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) community. A major product of VLBI observations are images in the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2011-10-26 Stuart Weston , Tim Natusch , Sergei Gulyaev

The quality of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) radio observations predominantly relies on precise and ultra-stable time and frequency (T&F) standards, usually hydrogen masers (HM), maintained locally at each VLBI station. Here, we…

The African Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network (AVN) is a pan-African project that will develop Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observing capability in several countries across the African continent, either by conversion of…

Since its observation in 2019, the first image of a super-massive black hole using Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) with an Earth-scale baseline has generated much scientific and public interest, including the possible extension of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-08 Eric Burt , Todd Ely , Geoff Bower , Joe Lazio , Marin Anderson , Sonia Hernandez

I review here the present observational efforts to study parsec-scale radio jets in active galactic nuclei with very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) as related to the new window to the Universe opened by the LAT instrument on-board the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-05-07 Eduardo Ros

To increase the number of sources with Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) astrometry available for comparison with the Gaia results, we have observed 31 young stars with recently reported radio emission. These stars are all in the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-12 Sergio A. Dzib , Laurent Loinard , Ralf Launhardt , Jazmín Ordóñez-Toro

Very Long Baseline Interferometry is capable of measuring the gravitational delay caused by the Sun and planet gravitational fields. The post-Newtonian parameter $\gamma$ is now estimated with accuracy of $\sigma_{\gamma}=2\cdot 10^{-4}$…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-11-04 Anastassia Girdiuk , Oleg Titov

The next generation of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) is stepping into the era of microarcsecond ($\mu$as) astronomy, and pushing astronomy, especially astrometry, to new heights. VLBI with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA),…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-04-24 Yingjie Li , Ye Xu , Jingjing Li , Shuaibo Bian , Zehao Lin , Chaojie Hao , Dejian Liu

In order to directly study the role of magnetic fields in the immediate vicinity of protostars, we use Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), aiming at the detection of non-thermal centimetric radio emission. This is technically the only…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jan Forbrich , Maria Massi , Eduardo Ros , Andreas Brunthaler , Karl Menten

Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations can provide the position of compact radio sources with an accuracy of order 50 micro-arcseconds. This is sufficient to measure the trigonometric parallax and proper motions of any object…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-03-07 L. Loinard , A. J. Mioduszewski , R. M. Torres , S. Dzib , L. F. Rodriguez , A. F. Boden

Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) is a technique for imaging celestial radio emissions by simultaneously observing a source from telescopes distributed across Earth. The challenges in reconstructing images from fine angular…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-08 Katherine L. Bouman , Michael D. Johnson , Daniel Zoran , Vincent L. Fish , Sheperd S. Doeleman , William T. Freeman

The calibration and analysis of polarization observations in Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) requires the use of specific algorithms that suffer from several limitations, closely related to assumptions in the data properties that…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-10 Ivan Marti-Vidal , Alejandro Mus , Michael Janssen , Pablo de Vicente , Javier Gonzalez

With the exceptional progress e-VLBI has achieved over the last three years, the VLBI of the future has already started. At least for the EVN, it is argued that at some point all VLBI operations should be done in e-VLBI mode. This ambition…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2010-09-16 Huib van Langevelde

For Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), the fringe spacing is extremely narrow compared to the field of view imposed by the primary beam of each element. This means that an extremely large number of resolution units can potentially be…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-02-26 John S. Morgan , F. Mantovani , A. T. Deller , W. Brisken , W. Alef , E. Middelberg , M. Nanni , S. J. Tingay

(abridged) Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations at 86$\,$GHz (wavelength, $\lambda = 3\,$mm) reach a resolution of about 50 $\mu$as, probing the collimation and acceleration regions of relativistic outflows in active…

Horizon-scale imaging with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has provided transformative insights into supermassive black holes but its resolution and scope are limited by ground-based constraints such as the size of the Earth, its…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-04 Yassine Ben Zineb , Feryal Ozel , Dimitrios Psaltis

Multi-frequency VLBI observations allow studies of the continuum spectrum in the different parts of the parsec scale jets of AGN, providing information on the physical properties of the plasma and magnetic fields in them. Since VLBI…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-04-14 T. Savolainen , K. Wiik , E. Valtaoja , M. Tornikoski

We have carried out full imaging simulation studies to explore the impact of frequency standards in millimeter and sub-millimeter Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), focusing on the coherence time and sensitivity. In particular, we…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 M. Rioja , R. Dodson , Y. Asaki , J. Hartnett , S. Tingay

The past decade has seen significant advances in wide-field cm-wave very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), which is timely given the wide-area, synoptic survey-driven strategy of major facilities across the electromagnetic spectrum.…

The technique of frequency phase transfer (FPT), enabled by multiband receivers with shared optical path (SOP), is set to become a true backbone of VLBI operations at frequencies above 22 GHz. The FPT has been successfully implemented at…