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This paper presents the first measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy coefficients $v_{n}$, which quantify the $n^{\mathrm{th}}$-order Fourier modulation of charged-particle azimuthal distributions, for $n=2$-4 in…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2026-05-01 ATLAS Collaboration

The flow harmonics $v_{2,3}$ for charged hadrons, are studied for a broad range of centrality selections and beam collision energies in Au+Au ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 7.7 - 200$ GeV) and Pb+Pb ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 2.76$ TeV) collisions. They validate…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2013-08-20 Roy A. Lacey , A. Taranenko , J. Jia , D. Reynolds , N. N. Ajitanand , J. M. Alexander , Yi Gu , A. Mwai

The $p_T$ dependent elliptic and triangular flow parameters of direct photons are known to be dominated by thermal radiations. The non-thermal contributions dilute the photon anisotropic flow by adding extra weight factor in the $v_n$…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-01-05 Rupa Chatterjee , Pingal Dasgupta

The azimuthal anisotropies of the collective transverse flow of charged hadrons are investigated in a wide range of heavy-ion collision energies within the microscopic parton-hadron-string dynamics (PHSD) transport approach which…

We report on the effects of quantum interference induced by transmission of an arbitrary number of optical quantum states through a multiple scattering medium. We identify the role of quantum interference on the photon correlations and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-31 J. R. Ott , N. A. Mortensen , P. Lodahl

The influence of different chemical potential for different flavors on color superconductivity is analyzed. It is found that there is a first order transition as the asymmetry grows. This transition proceeds through the formation of bubbles…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-06 Paulo F. Bedaque

The suppression of high-pT single-hadron spectra in heavy-ion collisions is usually interpreted as due to parton energy-loss of high-momentum quarks and gluons propagating in the plasma. Here, we discuss to what extent this partonic picture…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-28 A. Beraudo , J. G. Milhano , U. A. Wiedemann

It is conjectured that several higher harmonic flows $v_m$ may result from initial-state geometry fluctuations in \aa collisions coupled to a radially-expanding medium. But as with "elliptic flow" $v_2$ measurements, non-hydrodynamic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-05 Thomas A. Trainor , Duncan J. Prindle , R. L. Ray

A new analytical approach is presented for analysis of two-particle azimuthal correlations in heavy ion collisions at relativistic energies. This approach suggests that elliptic flow measured by experiment has a compound structure, namely,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 V. A. Okorokov

We show that a sizeable azimuthal asymmetry, characterized by a coefficient v_2, is to be expected for direct photons produced in non-central high energy nuclear collisions. This signal is generated by photons radiated by jets interacting…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-11 Simon Turbide , Charles Gale , Rainer J. Fries

The exploration of properties of an extreme state of matter, the Quark--Gluon Plasma, has broken new ground with the recent Run 2 operation of the Large Hadron Collider with heavy-ion collisions at the highest energy to date. With the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2016-05-23 Ante Bilandzic

The flow harmonics for charged hadrons ($v_{n}$) and their ratios $(v_n/v_2)_{n\geq 3}$, are studied for a broad range of transverse momenta ($p_T$) and centrality ($\text{cent}$) in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 2.76$ TeV. They…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2013-08-20 Roy A. Lacey , Yi Gu , X. Gong , D. Reynolds , N. N. Ajitanand , J. M. Alexander , A. Mwai , A. Taranenko

By employing the Monte Carlo HYDJET++ model (HYDrodynamics plus JETs), we produce anisotropic harmonic flow coefficients $v_n$ ($n = 4$-$7$) in deformed Xe-Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.44~\mathrm{TeV}$. These harmonics are measured…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-05-08 Saraswati Pandey , B. K. Singh

Colliding supersonic bulk flows shape observable properties and internal physics of various astrophysical objects, like O-star winds, molecular clouds, galactic sheets, binaries, or gamma-ray bursts. Using numerical simulations, we show…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-01-07 Doris Folini , Rolf Walder , Jean M. Favre

The higher order harmonic flow observables $v_n$ ($n > 3$) and their non-linear responses to the initial state anisotropy have the strong potential to constrain shear and bulk viscosity to entropy ratios because of different sensitivities…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2021-02-03 Jasper Parkkila

Entanglement and interference are both hallmark effects of quantum physics. Particularly rich dynamics arise when multiple (at least partially) indistinguishable particles are subjected to either of these phenomena. By combining both…

We review recent studies about anisotropic flows ($v_1, v_2, v_3$) of charmonium in the quark-gluon plasma produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Collective flows of the bulk medium are developed due to the anisotropic pressure…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-11-21 Chenyu Li , Baoyi Chen

In this work, we propose a tool to reveal the origin of the collective-like phenomena observed in proton--proton collisions. We exploit the fundamental difference between the underlying mechanisms, color reconnection (CR) and hydrodynamics,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-04-27 Antonio Ortiz , Gyula Bencédi , Héctor Bello

Azimuthal anisotropy ($v_2$) and two-particle angular correlations of high $p_T$ charged hadrons have been measured in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=130 GeV for transverse momenta up to 6 GeV/c, where hard processes are expected to…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2012-08-27 STAR Collaboration

Broadening of the transverse momentum of a parton propagating through a medium is treated using the color dipole formalism, which has the advantage of being a well developed phenomenology in deep-inelastic scattering and soft processes.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-06 M. B. Johnson , B. Z. Kopeliovich , A. V. Tarasov