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Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are a promising research direction for building power-efficient information processing systems, especially for temporal tasks such as speech recognition. In SNNs, delays refer to the time needed for one spike…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Ilyass Hammouamri , Ismail Khalfaoui-Hassani , Timothée Masquelier

The human brain utilizes spikes for information transmission and dynamically reorganizes its network structure to boost energy efficiency and cognitive capabilities throughout its lifespan. Drawing inspiration from this spike-based…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Jiangrong Shen , Qi Xu , Gang Pan , Badong Chen

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are brain-inspired machine learning algorithms with merits such as biological plausibility and unsupervised learning capability. Previous works have shown that converting Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) into…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Sijia Lu , Feng Xu

The brain is known to be a highly complex, asynchronous dynamical system that is highly tailored to encode temporal information. However, recent deep learning approaches to not take advantage of this temporal coding. Spiking Neural Networks…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Matthew Evanusa , Cornelia Fermuller , Yiannis Aloimonos

The field of neuromorphic computing promises extremely low-power and low-latency sensing and processing. Challenges in transferring learning algorithms from traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs) to spiking neural networks (SNNs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Jesse Hagenaars , Federico Paredes-Vallés , Guido de Croon

We propose a novel backpropagation algorithm for training spiking neural networks (SNNs) that encodes information in the relative multiple spike timing of individual neurons without single-spike restrictions. The proposed algorithm inherits…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kakei Yamamoto , Yusuke Sakemi , Kazuyuki Aihara

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as an attractive alternative to traditional deep learning frameworks, since they provide higher computational efficiency in event driven neuromorphic hardware. However, the state-of-the-art (SOTA)…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-05 Gourav Datta , Souvik Kundu , Peter A. Beerel

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have gained significant popularity thanks to their ability to learn using the well-known backpropagation algorithm. Conversely, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), despite having broader capabilities than ANNs,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Sergio Davies , Andrew Gait , Andrew Rowley , Alessandro Di Nuovo

Spiking neural networks are biologically plausible counterparts of the artificial neural networks, artificial neural networks are usually trained with stochastic gradient descent and spiking neural networks are trained with spike timing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Ruthvik Vaila , John Chiasson , Vishal Saxena

Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are the so-called third generation of neural networks which attempt to more closely match the functioning of the biological brain. They inherently encode temporal data, allowing for training with less energy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Chethan M. Parameshwara , Simin Li , Cornelia Fermüller , Nitin J. Sanket , Matthew S. Evanusa , Yiannis Aloimonos

Unlike traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs), biological neuronal networks solve complex cognitive tasks with sparse neuronal activity, recurrent connections, and local learning rules. These mechanisms serve as design principles in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Matteo Saponati , Chiara De Luca , Giacomo Indiveri , Benjamin Grewe

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) draw inspiration from biological neurons to enable brain-like computation, demonstrating effectiveness in processing temporal information with energy efficiency and biological realism. Most existing SNNs are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chengjie Ge , Yufeng Peng , Zihao Li , Qiyu Kang , Xueyang Fu , Xuhao Li , Qixin Zhang , Junhao Ren , Zheng-Jun Zha

Recent advances in event-based neuromorphic systems have resulted in significant interest in the use and development of spiking neural networks (SNNs). However, the non-differentiable nature of spiking neurons makes SNNs incompatible with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Ali Lotfi Rezaabad , Sriram Vishwanath

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), recognized as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs), have advanced rapidly through the scaling of models and datasets. However, such scaling incurs considerable…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Chenxiang Ma , Xinyi Chen , Yujie Wu , Kay Chen Tan , Jibin Wu

Spiking networks that perform probabilistic inference have been proposed both as models of cortical computation and as candidates for solving problems in machine learning. However, the evidence for spike-based computation being in any way…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-10-12 Luziwei Leng , Roman Martel , Oliver Breitwieser , Ilja Bytschok , Walter Senn , Johannes Schemmel , Karlheinz Meier , Mihai A. Petrovici

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) hold great potential to realize brain-inspired, energy-efficient computational systems. However, current SNNs still fall short in terms of multi-scale temporal processing compared to their biological…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Xinyi Chen , Jibin Wu , Chenxiang Ma , Yinsong Yan , Yujie Wu , Kay Chen Tan

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a biologically inspired alternative to conventional artificial neural networks, with potential advantages in power efficiency due to their event-driven computation. Despite their promise, SNNs have yet…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Wangdan Liao , Weidong Wang

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based techniques have dominated state-of-the-art results in most problems related to computer vision, audio recognition, and natural language processing in the past few years, resulting in strong industrial…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Khaled F. Hussain , Mohamed Yousef Bassyouni , Erol Gelenbe

Neuromorphic computing and, in particular, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have become an attractive alternative to deep neural networks for a broad range of signal processing applications, processing static and/or temporal inputs from…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Souvik Kundu , Rui-Jie Zhu , Akhilesh Jaiswal , Peter A. Beerel

Spiking Neural P systems, SNP systems for short, are biologically inspired computing devices based on how neurons perform computations. SNP systems use only one type of symbol, the spike, in the computations. Information is encoded in the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2012-10-24 Francis George C. Cabarle , Kelvin C. Buño , Henry N. Adorna