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We determine the critical exponent and the recurrence function of complementary symmetric Rote sequences. The formulae are expressed in terms of the continued fraction expansions associated with the S-adic representations of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Lubomíra Dvořáková , Kateřina Medková , Edita Pelantová

A finite word is closed if it contains a factor that occurs both as a prefix and as a suffix but does not have internal occurrences, otherwise it is open. We are interested in the {\it oc-sequence} of a word, which is the binary sequence…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Alessandro De Luca , Gabriele Fici , Luca Q. Zamboni

In this paper, we describe minimal string attractors (of size two) of pseudopalindromic prefixes of standard complementary-symmetric Rote sequences. Such a class of Rote sequences forms a subclass of binary generalized pseudostandard…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-06 Lubomíra Dvořáková , Veronika Hendrychová

A word is closed if it contains a proper factor that occurs both as a prefix and as a suffix but does not have internal occurrences, otherwise it is open. We deal with the sequence of open and closed prefixes of Sturmian words and prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-15 Alessandro De Luca , Gabriele Fici

Occurrences of a factor $w$ in an infinite uniformly recurrent sequence ${\bf u}$ can be encoded by an infinite sequence over a finite alphabet. This sequence is usually denoted ${\bf d_{\bf u}}(w)$ and called the derived sequence to $w$ in…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-08-30 Edita Pelantová , Štěpán Starosta

Any infinite uniformly recurrent word ${\bf u}$ can be written as concatenation of a finite number of return words to a chosen prefix $w$ of ${\bf u}$. Ordering of the return words to $w$ in this concatenation is coded by derivated word…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-28 Karel Klouda , Kateřina Medková , Edita Pelantová , Štěpán Starosta

Two finite words $u$ and $v$ are called Abelian equivalent if each letter occurs equally many times in both $u$ and $v$. The abelian closure $\mathcal{A}(\mathbf{x})$ of (the shift orbit closure of) an infinite word $\mathbf{x}$ is the set…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-04 Svetlana Puzynina , Markus A. Whiteland

We prove that a sequence is primitive substitutive if and only if the set of its derived sequences is finite; we defined these sequences here.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-07-22 Fabien Durand

A collection of complex sequences of length v is complementary if the sum of their periodic autocorrelation function values at all non-zero shifts is constant. For a complex sequence A=[a_0,a_1,...,a_{v-1}] of length v=dm we define the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-05 Dragomir Z. Djokovic , Ilias S. Kotsireas

We consider Rote words, which are infinite binary words with factor complexity $2n$. We prove that the repetition threshold for this class is $5/2$. Our technique is purely computational, using the Walnut theorem prover and a new technique…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-02 Nicolas Ollinger , Jeffrey Shallit

We study infinite words coding an orbit under an exchange of three intervals which have full complexity $\C(n)=2n+1$ for all $n\in\N$ (non-degenerate 3iet words). In terms of parameters of the interval exchange and the starting point of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-09-18 P. Baláži , Z. Masáková , E. Pelantová

Two finite words $u$ and $v$ are called abelian equivalent if each letter occurs equally many times in both $u$ and $v$. The abelian closure $\mathcal{A}(\mathbf{x})$ of an infinite word $\mathbf{x}$ is the set of infinite words…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-01 Juhani Karhumäki , Svetlana Puzynina , Markus A. Whiteland

We study aperiodic balanced sequences over finite alphabets. A sequence vv of this type is fully characterised by a Sturmian sequence u and two constant gap sequences y and y'. We show that the language of v is eventually dendric and we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Francesco Dolce , Lubomira Dvorakova , Edita Pelantova

We consider the complexities of substitutive sequences over a binary alphabet. By studying various types of special words, we show that, knowing some initial values, its complexity can be completely formulated via a recurrence formula…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-16 Bo Tan , Zhi-Xiong Wen , Yiping Zhang

We revisit the topic of power-free morphisms, focusing on the properties of the class of complementary morphisms. Such morphisms are defined over a $2$-letter alphabet, and map the letters 0 and 1 to complementary words. We prove that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-11 Jeffrey Shallit , Arseny M. Shur , Stefan Zorcic

It is well known that Sturmian sequences are the aperiodic sequences that are balanced over a 2-letter alphabet. They are also characterized by their complexity: they have exactly $(n+1)$ factors of length $n$. One possible generalization…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 G. Paquin , L. Vuillon

Generalizing the notion of the boundary sequence introduced by Chen and Wen, the $n$th term of the $\ell$-boundary sequence of an infinite word is the finite set of pairs $(u,v)$ of prefixes and suffixes of length $\ell$ appearing in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-09 Michel Rigo , Manon Stipulanti , Markus A. Whiteland

Prefix normal words are binary words that have no factor with more $1$s than the prefix of the same length. Finite prefix normal words were introduced in [Fici and Lipt\'ak, DLT 2011]. In this paper, we study infinite prefix normal words…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-31 Ferdinando Cicalese , Zsuzsanna Lipták , Massimiliano Rossi

We define a family of natural decompositions of Sturmian words in Christoffel words, called *reversible Christoffel* (RC) factorizations. They arise from the observation that two Sturmian words with the same language have (almost always)…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-07-12 Michelangelo Bucci , Alessandro De Luca , Luca Q. Zamboni

Letting $w$ denote a finite, nonempty word, let $\text{red}(w)$ denote the word obtained from $w$ by replacing every subword $s$ of $w$ of the form $cc \cdots c$ for a given character $c$ (such that there is no character immediately to the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-22 John M. Campbell , James Currie , Narad Rampersad
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