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The general relativistic gravitomagnetic clock effect consists in the fact that two massive test bodies orbiting a central spinning mass in its equatorial plane along two identical circular trajectories, but in opposite directions, take…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Lorenzo Iorio

We reexamine non-Einsteinian effects observable in the orbital motion of low-orbit artificial Earth satellites. The motivations for doing so are twofold: (i) recent theoretical studies suggest that the correct theory of gravity might…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-08-11 Thibault Damour , Gilles Esposito-Farese

The status of experimental tests of general relativity and of theoretical frameworks for analysing them are reviewed. Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP) is well supported by experiments such as the E\"otv\"os experiment, tests of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Clifford M. Will

Gravitational redshift as a relativistic effect in cosmological objects is investigated. Possible signatures of the gravitational redshift in measurements of satellite galaxies in clusters of galaxies, intracluster gas, as well as galaxies…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-21 Daiki Sakuma , Ayumu Terukina , Kazuhiro Yamamoto , Chiaki Hikage

The discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe, thought to be driven by a mysterious form of `dark energy' constituting most of the Universe, has further revived the interest in testing Einstein's theory of General Relativity.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-12-05 Ignazio Ciufolini , Antonio Paolozzi , Erricos Pavlis , John Ries , Vahe Gurzadyan , Rolf Koenig , Richard Matzner , Roger Penrose , Giampiero Sindoni

RadioAstron satellite admits in principle a testing the gravitational redshift effect with an accuracy of better than $10^{-5}$. It would surpass the result of Gravity Probe A mission at least an order of magnitude. However, RadioAstron's…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-09 A. V. Birukov , V. L. Kauts , D. A. Litvinov , N. K. Porayko , V. N. Rudenko

We investigate the performance of the upcoming ACES (Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space) space mission in terms of its primary scientific objective, the test of the gravitational redshift. Whilst the ultimate performance of that test is…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Etienne Savalle , Christine Guerlin , Pacôme Delva , Frédéric Meynadier , Christophe le Poncin-Lafitte , Peter Wolf

This review is focused on tests of Einstein's theory of general relativity with gravitational waves that are detectable by ground-based interferometers and pulsar-timing experiments. Einstein's theory has been greatly constrained in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-13 Nicolas Yunes , Xavier Siemens , Kent Yagi

At present the Radioastron (RA) Earth's satellite having very elliptic orbit is used for probing of the gravitational red shift effect [1, 2]. Objective of this test consists in the enhancing accuracy of measurement to check the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2018-12-05 A. V. Gusev , V. N. Rudenko

We investigate leading order deviations from general relativity that violate the Einstein equivalence principle in the gravitational standard model extension. We show that redshift experiments based on matter waves and clock comparisons are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-19 Michael A. Hohensee , Steven Chu , Achim Peters , Holger Mueller

The STE-QUEST space mission will perform tests of the gravitational redshift in the field of the Sun and the Moon to high precision by frequency comparisons of clocks attached to the ground and separated by intercontinental distances. In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-01-27 Peter Wolf , Luc Blanchet

We propose a new method to measure gravitational redshift effect using simultaneous interferometric observations of a distant radio source to synchronize clocks. The first order by $v/c$ contribution to the signal (the classical Doppler…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-04 S. V. Pilipenko , D. A. Litvinov , A. I. Filetkin , V. N. Rudenko

In 2016, we published "A test of general relativity using the LARES and LAGEOS satellites and a GRACE Earth gravity model. Measurement of Earth's dragging of inertial frames [1]", a measurement of frame-dragging, a fundamental prediction of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-10-30 Ciufolini , Ignazio , Erricos C. Pavlis , John Ries , Richard Matzner , Rolf Koenig , Antonio Paolozzi , Giampiero Sindoni , Vahe Gurzadyan , Roger Penrose , Claudio Paris

The status of experimental tests of general relativity and of theoretical frameworks for analysing them are reviewed. Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP) is well supported by experiments such as the E\"otv\"os experiment, tests of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-10-19 Clifford M. Will

We propose and apply a new test of Einstein's Equivalence Principle (EEP) based on the gravitational redshift induced by the central super massive black hole of quasars in the surrounding accretion disk. Specifically, we compare the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 E. Mediavilla , J. JimÉnez-Vicente

This paper presents a high-precision gravitational redshift test using the China Space Station (CSS) Laser Time Transfer (CLT) system. We develop a comprehensive observation equation based on a c^{-3} order relativistic model for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-11 Rui Xu , Wenbin Shen , Hok Sum Fok , Pengfei Zhang , Lihong Li , Lei Wang , Kuangchao Wu , An Ning , Youchao Xie , Ziyu Shen , Lingxuan Wang , Yongqi Zhao , Kai Liu , Yuanjin Pan

Clusters of galaxies have been used to measure a subtle effect predicted by Einstein: gravitational redshift. This signal encodes pristine information about our Universe, since it is sensitive to the depth of the clusters' gravitational…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-28 Enea Di Dio , Sveva Castello , Camille Bonvin

The accuracy reached in the past few years by Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) allows for measuring even tiny features of the Earth's gravitational field predicted by Einstein's General Relativity by means of artificial satellites. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-11-12 Lorenzo Iorio

Relativity is an integral part of positioning systems, and this is taken into account in today's practice by applying many "relativistic corrections" to computations performed using concepts borrowed from Galilean physics. A different,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-05-27 Albert Tarantola , Ludek Klimes , Jose Maria Pozo , Bartolome Coll

We consider the problem of testing the Einstein Equivalence Principle (EEP) by measuring the gravitational redshift with two Earth-orbiting stable atomic clocks. For a reasonably restricted class of orbits we find an optimal experiment…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-24 D. A. Litvinov , S. V. Pilipenko