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The performance of a trained object detection neural network depends a lot on the image quality. Generally, images are pre-processed before feeding them into the neural network and domain knowledge about the image dataset is used to choose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Siddharth Nayak , Balaraman Ravindran

We show that there may exist an inherent tension between the goal of adversarial robustness and that of standard generalization. Specifically, training robust models may not only be more resource-consuming, but also lead to a reduction of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-10 Dimitris Tsipras , Shibani Santurkar , Logan Engstrom , Alexander Turner , Aleksander Madry

Nervous systems, like any organismal structure, have been shaped by evolutionary processes to increase fitness. The resulting neural 'bauplan' has to account for multiple objectives simultaneously, including computational function as well…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-05 Fabian Pallasdies , Philipp Norton , Jan-Hendrik Schleimer , Susanne Schreiber

Recent machine learning techniques have dramatically changed how we process digital images. However, the way in which we capture images is still largely driven by human intuition and experience. This restriction is in part due to the many…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-17 Amey Chaware , Colin L. Cooke , Kanghyun Kim , Roarke Horstmeyer

Observational learning is a type of learning that occurs as a function of observing, retaining and possibly replicating or imitating the behaviour of another agent. It is a core mechanism appearing in various instances of social learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-22 Diana Borsa , Bilal Piot , Rémi Munos , Olivier Pietquin

We introduce and study methods for inferring and learning from correspondences among neurons. The approach enables alignment of data from distinct multiunit studies of nervous systems. We show that the methods for inferring correspondences…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-01-28 Ashish Kapoor , E. Paxon Frady , Stefanie Jegelka , William B. Kristan , Eric Horvitz

Information theoretical tools are applied for the study of the sensitivity and selectivity enhancements of resistive fluctuation-enhanced sensors. General considerations are given for the upper limit of selectivity enhancement. The…

General Physics · Physics 2008-07-06 Laszlo B. Kish , Janusz Smulko , Peter Heszler , Claes-Goran Granqvist

Interpretability researchers have attempted to understand MLP neurons of language models based on both the contexts in which they activate and their output weight vectors. They have paid little attention to a complementary aspect: the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Sebastian Gerstner , Hinrich Schütze

The neuronal mechanisms that serve to distinguish between light-emitting and light reflecting objects are largely unknown. It has been suggested that luminosity perception implements a separate pathway in the visual system, such that…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2007-09-21 Matthias S. Keil

Contradiction is often seen as a defect of intelligent systems and a dangerous limitation on efficiency. In this paper we raise the question of whether, on the contrary, it could be considered a key tool in increasing intelligence in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-03-18 Patrizio Frosini

Cooperative behavior, where one individual incurs a cost to help another, is a wide spread phenomenon. Here we study direct reciprocity in the context of the alternating Prisoner's Dilemma. We consider all strategies that can be implemented…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-03-05 Benjamin M. Zagorsky , Johannes G. Reiter , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Martin A. Nowak

In this manuscript, a silent resonator neuron is coupled with a spiking integrator neuron through the gap junction, when the coupled neurons are of different types of excitability and none of the coupled neurons exhibit mixed mode…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-01-18 Mohammad Reza Razvan , Somaye Yasaman

Exposure bias describes the phenomenon that a language model trained under the teacher forcing schema may perform poorly at the inference stage when its predictions are conditioned on its previous predictions unseen from the training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Yifan Xu , Kening Zhang , Haoyu Dong , Yuezhou Sun , Wenlong Zhao , Zhuowen Tu

The dynamic range of stimulus processing in living organisms is much larger than a single neural network can explain. For a generic, tunable spiking network we derive that while the dynamic range is maximal at criticality, the interval of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-02-12 Johannes Zierenberg , Jens Wilting , Viola Priesemann , Anna Levina

The mammalian olfactory system learns rapidly from very few examples, presented in unpredictable online sequences, and then recognizes these learned odors under conditions of substantial interference without exhibiting catastrophic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Ayon Borthakur , Thomas A. Cleland

We study the informational efficiency of a market with a single traded asset. The price initially differs from the fundamental value, about which the agents have noisy private information (which is, on average, correct). A fraction of…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2014-01-10 Gani Aldashev , Timoteo Carletti , Simone Righi

As artificial intelligence is increasingly affecting all parts of society and life, there is growing recognition that human interpretability of machine learning models is important. It is often argued that accuracy or other similar…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-27 Kush R. Varshney , Prashant Khanduri , Pranay Sharma , Shan Zhang , Pramod K. Varshney

Many real-world multi-agent interactions consider multiple distinct criteria, i.e. the payoffs are multi-objective in nature. However, the same multi-objective payoff vector may lead to different utilities for each participant. Therefore,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Roxana Rădulescu , Timothy Verstraeten , Yijie Zhang , Patrick Mannion , Diederik M. Roijers , Ann Nowé

Early olfactory pathway responses to the presentation of an odor exhibit remarkably similar dynamical behavior across phyla from insects to mammals, and frequently involve transitions among quiescence, collective network oscillations, and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-09-29 Pamela B Pyzza , Katherine A Newhall , Douglas Zhou , Gregor Kovacic , David Cai

Small chemical sensors are subjected to adsorption-desorption fluctuations which usually considered as noise contaminating useful signal. Based on temporal properties of this noise, it is shown that it can be made useful if proper…

General Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Alexander K. Vidybida