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Batch Normalization (BatchNorm) is a technique that improves the training of deep neural networks, especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). It has been empirically demonstrated that BatchNorm increases performance, stability, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Yashna Peerthum , Mark Stamp

Despite huge successes on a wide range of tasks, neural networks are known to sometimes struggle to generalise to unseen data. Many approaches have been proposed over the years to promote the generalisation ability of neural networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Christiaan P. Opperman , Anna S. Bosman , Katherine M. Malan

Batch Normalization (BatchNorm) is an extremely useful component of modern neural network architectures, enabling optimization using higher learning rates and achieving faster convergence. In this paper, we use mean-field theory to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Mingwei Wei , James Stokes , David J Schwab

Batch Normalization (BN) uses mini-batch statistics to normalize the activations during training, introducing dependence between mini-batch elements. This dependency can hurt the performance if the mini-batch size is too small, or if the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Saurabh Singh , Shankar Krishnan

\emph{Batch normalization} is a successful building block of neural network architectures. Yet, it is not well understood. A neural network layer with batch normalization comprises three components that affect the representation induced by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Ido Nachum , Marco Bondaschi , Michael Gastpar , Anatoly Khina

Batch Normalization (BN) is ubiquitously employed for accelerating neural network training and improving the generalization capability by performing standardization within mini-batches. Decorrelated Batch Normalization (DBN) further boosts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Lei Huang , Yi Zhou , Fan Zhu , Li Liu , Ling Shao

Riemannian neural networks have proven effective in solving a variety of machine learning tasks. The key to their success lies in the development of principled Riemannian analogs of fundamental building blocks in deep neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Xuan Son Nguyen , Nistor Grozavu

Generative Networks have shown great promise in generating photo-realistic images. Despite this, the theory surrounding them is still an active research area. Much of the useful work with Generative networks rely on heuristics that tend to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Sean Mullery , Paul F. Whelan

Batch Normalization (BN) has been proven to be quite effective at accelerating and improving the training of deep neural networks (DNNs). However, BN brings additional computation, consumes more memory and generally slows down the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Shuang Wu , Guoqi Li , Lei Deng , Liu Liu , Yuan Xie , Luping Shi

Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) use low bit-width fixed-point numbers for representing weight parameters and activations, and are often used in real-world applications due to their saving of computation resources and reproducibility of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Dachao Lin , Peiqin Sun , Guangzeng Xie , Shuchang Zhou , Zhihua Zhang

A well-known issue of Batch Normalization is its significantly reduced effectiveness in the case of small mini-batch sizes. When a mini-batch contains few examples, the statistics upon which the normalization is defined cannot be reliably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Zhuliang Yao , Yue Cao , Shuxin Zheng , Gao Huang , Stephen Lin

Adapting a model to perform well on unforeseen data outside its training set is a common problem that continues to motivate new approaches. We demonstrate that application of batch normalization in the output layer, prior to softmax…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Matthew R. Behrend , Sean M. Robinson

Batch normalization was introduced in 2015 to speed up training of deep convolution networks by normalizing the activations across the current batch to have zero mean and unity variance. The results presented here show an interesting aspect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Mohamed Hajaj , Duncan Gillies

Multi-task learning (MTL) aims to leverage shared knowledge across tasks to improve generalization and parameter efficiency, yet balancing resources and mitigating interference remain open challenges. Architectural solutions often introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Mihai Suteu , Ovidiu Serban

Imposing orthogonality on the layers of neural networks is known to facilitate the learning by limiting the exploding/vanishing of the gradient; decorrelate the features; improve the robustness. This paper studies the theoretical properties…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-16 El Mehdi Achour , François Malgouyres , Franck Mamalet

The widespread use of Batch Normalization has enabled training deeper neural networks with more stable and faster results. However, the Batch Normalization works best using large batch size during training and as the state-of-the-art…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Martin Kolarik , Radim Burget , Kamil Riha

It is a common assumption that the activation of different layers in neural networks follow Gaussian distribution. This distribution can be transformed using normalization techniques, such as batch-normalization, increasing convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Andras Horvath , Jalal Al-afandi

Batch Normalization (BN) is a popular technique for training Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). BN uses scaling and shifting to normalize activations of mini-batches to accelerate convergence and improve generalization. The recently proposed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Shengdong Zhang , Ehsan Nezhadarya , Homa Fashandi , Jiayi Liu , Darin Graham , Mohak Shah

A significant advance in accelerating neural network training has been the development of normalization methods, permitting the training of deep models both faster and with better accuracy. These advances come with practical challenges: for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Jasmine Collins , Johannes Balle , Jonathon Shlens

While the authors of Batch Normalization (BN) identify and address an important problem involved in training deep networks-- \textit{Internal Covariate Shift}-- the current solution has certain drawbacks. For instance, BN depends on batch…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-21 Devansh Arpit , Yingbo Zhou , Hung Ngo , Venu Govindaraju