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Some users of social media are spreading racist, sexist, and otherwise hateful content. For the purpose of training a hate speech detection system, the reliability of the annotations is crucial, but there is no universally agreed-upon…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-30 Björn Ross , Michael Rist , Guillermo Carbonell , Benjamin Cabrera , Nils Kurowsky , Michael Wojatzki

Cyberbullying and cyberaggression are increasingly worrisome phenomena affecting people across all demographics. More than half of young social media users worldwide have been exposed to such prolonged and/or coordinated digital harassment.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Despoina Chatzakou , Ilias Leontiadis , Jeremy Blackburn , Emiliano De Cristofaro , Gianluca Stringhini , Athena Vakali , Nicolas Kourtellis

Social media has seen a worrying rise in hate speech in recent times. Branching to several distinct categories of cyberbullying, gender discrimination, or racism, the combined label for such derogatory content can be classified as toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Sourav Das , Prasanta Mandal , Sanjay Chatterji

Counterspeech, i.e., direct responses against hate speech, has become an important tool to address the increasing amount of hate online while avoiding censorship. Although AI has been proposed to help scale up counterspeech efforts, this…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Jimin Mun , Cathy Buerger , Jenny T. Liang , Joshua Garland , Maarten Sap

Dangerous speech on social media platforms can be framed as blatantly inflammatory, or be couched in innuendo. It is also centrally tied to who engages it - it can be driven by openly sectarian social media accounts, or through subtle…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Saloni Dash , Rynaa Grover , Gazal Shekhawat , Sukhnidh Kaur , Dibyendu Mishra , Joyojeet Pal

Detecting offensive language on Twitter has many applications ranging from detecting/predicting bullying to measuring polarization. In this paper, we focus on building a large Arabic offensive tweet dataset. We introduce a method for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Hamdy Mubarak , Ammar Rashed , Kareem Darwish , Younes Samih , Ahmed Abdelali

Online misinformation has been a serious threat to public health and society. Social media users are known to reply to misinformation posts with counter-misinformation messages, which have been shown to be effective in curbing the spread of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Yingchen Ma , Bing He , Nathan Subrahmanian , Srijan Kumar

We examined four case studies in the context of hate speech on Twitter in Italian from 2019 to 2020, aiming at comparing the classification of the 3,600 tweets made by expert pedagogists with the automatic classification made by machine…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Erica Forzinetti , Marco L. Della Vedova , Stefano Pasta , Milena Santerini

Hate speech is a challenging issue plaguing the online social media. While better models for hate speech detection are continuously being developed, there is little research on the bias and interpretability aspects of hate speech. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Binny Mathew , Punyajoy Saha , Seid Muhie Yimam , Chris Biemann , Pawan Goyal , Animesh Mukherjee

The Internet and online forums such as Reddit have become an increasingly popular medium for citizens to engage in political conversations. However, the online disinhibition effect resulting from the ability to use pseudonymous identities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-20 Rishab Nithyanand , Brian Schaffner , Phillipa Gill

In Twitter, there is a rising trend in abusive behavior which often leads to incivility. This trend is affecting users mentally and as a result they tend to leave Twitter and other such social networking sites thus depleting the active user…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Suman Kalyan Maity , Aishik Chakraborty , Pawan Goyal , Animesh Mukherjee

Accurate detection of hate speech against politicians, policy making and political ideas is crucial to maintain democracy and free speech. Unfortunately, the amount of labelled data necessary for training models to detect hate speech are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Armend Duzha , Cristiano Casadei , Michael Tosi , Fabio Celli

Hate speech is one type of harmful online content which directly attacks or promotes hate towards a group or an individual member based on their actual or perceived aspects of identity, such as ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Wenjie Yin , Arkaitz Zubiaga

This study investigates how online counterspeech, defined as direct responses to harmful online content with the intention of dissuading the perpetrator from further engaging in such behavior, is influenced by the match between a target of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kaike Ping , James Hawdon , Eugenia Rho

Biased news contributes to societal polarization and is often reinforced by hostile reader comments, constituting a vital yet often overlooked aspect of news dissemination. Our study reveals that offensive comments support biased content,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Luyang Lin , Zijin Feng , Lingzhi Wang , Kam-Fai Wong

Social media, particularly Twitter, has seen a significant increase in incidents like trolling and hate speech. Thus, identifying hate speech is the need of the hour. This paper introduces a computational framework to curb the hate content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Anusha Chhabra , Dinesh Kumar Vishwakarma

The spread of hate speech on social media space is currently a serious issue. The undemanding access to the enormous amount of information being generated on these platforms has led people to post and react with toxic content that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Abhishek Velankar , Hrushikesh Patil , Raviraj Joshi

We investigate predictors of anti-Asian hate among Twitter users throughout COVID-19. With the rise of xenophobia and polarization that has accompanied widespread social media usage in many nations, online hate has become a major social…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Jisun An , Haewoon Kwak , Claire Seungeun Lee , Bogang Jun , Yong-Yeol Ahn

To address the global challenge of online hate speech, prior research has developed detection models to flag such content on social media. However, due to systematic biases in evaluation datasets, the real-world effectiveness of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Manuel Tonneau , Diyi Liu , Niyati Malhotra , Scott A. Hale , Samuel P. Fraiberger , Victor Orozco-Olvera , Paul Röttger

This paper investigates how hate speech varies in systematic ways according to the identities it targets. Across multiple hate speech datasets annotated for targeted identities, we find that classifiers trained on hate speech targeting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Michael Miller Yoder , Lynnette Hui Xian Ng , David West Brown , Kathleen M. Carley
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