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The tremendous progress in high-intensity laser technology and the establishment of dedicated high-field laboratories in recent years have paved the way towards a first observation of quantum vacuum nonlinearities at the high-intensity…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-04-11 Holger Gies , Felix Karbstein , Christian Kohlfürst , Nico Seegert

We study all-optical signatures of the effective nonlinear couplings among electromagnetic fields in the quantum vacuum, using the collision of two focused high-intensity laser pulses as an example. The experimental signatures of quantum…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-02-27 Holger Gies , Felix Karbstein , Christian Kohlfürst

Optical signatures of the effective nonlinear couplings among electromagnetic fields in the quantum vacuum can be conveniently described in terms of stimulated photon emission processes induced by strong classical, space-time dependent…

Up to date, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the most precisely tested quantum field theory. Nevertheless, particularly in the high-intensity regime it predicts various phenomena that so far have not directly been accessible in all-optical…

Optics · Physics 2020-03-11 Leonhard Klar

The invention of laser immediately enabled us to detect nonlinearities of photon interaction in matter, as manifested for example by Franken et al.'s detection of second harmonic generation and the excitation of the Brillouin forward…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-24 Kensuke Homma , Dieter Habs , Toshiki Tajima

We study the nonlinear QED signature of x-ray vacuum diffraction in the head-on collision of optical high-intensity and x-ray free-electron laser pulses at finite spatio-temporal offsets between the laser foci. The high-intensity laser…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-10-20 Felix Karbstein , Ricardo R. Q. P. T. Oude Weernink

Upcoming high-intensity laser systems will be able to probe the quantum-induced nonlinear regime of electrodynamics. So far unobserved QED phenomena such as the discovery of a nonlinear response of the quantum vacuum to macroscopic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-29 Holger Gies

All-optical experiments at the high-intensity frontier offer a promising route to unprecedented precision tests of quantum electrodynamics in strong macroscopic electromagnetic fields. So far, most theoretical studies of all-optical…

We demonstrate that tailored laser beams provide a powerful means to make quantum vacuum signatures in strong electromagnetic fields accessible in experiment. Typical scenarios aiming at the detection of quantum vacuum nonlinearities at the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-23 Felix Karbstein , Elena A. Mosman

Quantum vacuum fluctuations give rise to effective non-linear interactions between electromagnetic fields. A prominent signature of quantum vacuum nonlinearities driven by macroscopic fields are signal photons differing in characteristic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-04-21 Holger Gies , Felix Karbstein , Leonhard Klar

We investigate in detail the stimulated photon emission in pulse-shaped Laguerre-Gauss beams of arbitrary mode decomposition within the framework of Euler-Heisenberg effective theory. We elaborate on the analytic structure of the photon…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-12-14 Cesim K. Dumlu , Yoshihide Nakamiya , Kazuo A. Tanaka

We show that coherent harmonic focusing provides an efficient mechanism to boost all-optical signatures of quantum vacuum nonlinearity in the collision of high-intensity laser fields, thereby offering a promising route to their first…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-07-28 Felix Karbstein , Alexander Blinne , Holger Gies , Matt Zepf

Studies of nonlinear quantum vacuum signals often model the driving laser fields as paraxial beams. This in particular holds for analytic approaches. While this allows for reliable predictions in most situations, there are also notable…

Optics · Physics 2025-07-17 Felix Karbstein , Fabian Schütze

The fundamental theory of quantum electrodynamics predicts the vacuum to resemble a polarizable medium. This gives rise to effective nonlinear interactions between electromagnetic fields and light-by-light scattering phenomena. We study the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-12-28 Holger Gies , Felix Karbstein , Leonhard Klar

We study the effect of stimulated photon emission from the vacuum in strong space-time-dependent electromagnetic fields. We emphasize the viewpoint that the vacuum subjected to macroscopic electromagnetic fields with at least one nonzero…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-03-15 Felix Karbstein , Rashid Shaisultanov

We study how to search for photon-photon scattering in vacuum at present petawatt laser facilities such as HERCULES, and test Quantum Electrodynamics and non-standard models like Born-Infeld theory or scenarios involving minicharged…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-12-15 Daniele Tommasini , Albert Ferrando , Humberto Michinel , Marcos Seco

In vacuum high-intensity lasers can cause photon-photon interaction via the process of virtual vacuum polarization which may be measured by the phase velocity shift of photons across intense fields. In the optical frequency domain, the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-27 Kensuke Homma , Dieter Habs , Toshiki Tajima

We study the effective theory of soft photons in slowly varying electromagnetic background fields at one-loop order in QED. This is of relevance for the study of all-optical signatures of quantum vacuum nonlinearity in realistic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-03-14 Felix Karbstein

Birefringence is one of the fascinating properties of the vacuum of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in strong electromagnetic fields. The scattering of linearly polarized incident probe photons into a perpendicularly polarized mode provides a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-11-04 Felix Karbstein , Holger Gies , Maria Reuter , Matt Zepf

When exposed to intense electromagnetic fields, the quantum vacuum is expected to exhibit properties of a polarisable medium akin to a weakly nonlinear dielectric material. Various schemes have been proposed to measure such vacuum…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-03-08 B. King , T. Heinzl
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