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As quantum computing technology continues to advance, post-quantum cryptographic methods capable of resisting quantum attacks have emerged as a critical area of focus. Given the potential vulnerability of existing homomorphic encryption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Abel C. H. Chen

Modern implementations of homomorphic encryption (HE) rely heavily on polynomial arithmetic over a finite field. This is particularly true of the CKKS, BFV, and BGV HE schemes. Two of the biggest performance bottlenecks in HE primitives and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Fabian Boemer , Sejun Kim , Gelila Seifu , Fillipe D. M. de Souza , Vinodh Gopal

This work presents Homomorphic Encryption Intermediate Representation (HEIR), a unified approach to building homomorphic encryption (HE) compilers. HEIR aims to support all mainstream techniques in homomorphic encryption, integrate with all…

In recent years, although some homomorphic encryption algorithms have been proposed to provide additive homomorphic encryption and multiplicative homomorphic encryption. However, similarity measures are required for searches and queries…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Abel C. H. Chen

New cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption (HE) allow computations to be outsourced to and evaluated blindfolded in a resourceful cloud. These computations often require private data owned by multiple participants, engaging…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Asma Aloufi , Peizhao Hu , Yongsoo Song , Kristin Lauter

Homomorphic encryption has largely been studied in context of public key cryptosystems. But there are applications which inherently would require symmetric keys. We propose a symmetric key encryption scheme with fully homomorphic evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-10-10 Iti Sharma

Privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) is an emerging topic to handle secure machine learning inference over sensitive data in untrusted environments. Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables computation directly on encrypted data on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yu Hin Chan , Hao Yang , Shiyu Shen , Xingyu Fan , Shengzhe Lyu , Patrick S. Y. Hung , Ray C. C. Cheung

In many areas of cybersecurity, we require access to Personally Identifiable Information (PII), such as names, postal addresses and email addresses. Unfortunately, this can lead to data breaches, especially in relation to data compliance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-23 William J Buchanan , Jamie Gilchrist , Zakwan Jaroucheh , Dmitri Timosenko , Nanik Ramchandani , Hisham Ali

Homomorphic encryption is a powerful cryptographic tool that enables secure computations on the private data. It evaluates any function for any operation securely on the encrypted data without knowing its corresponding plaintext. For…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Giovanni Giuseppe Grimaldi

Performing smart computations in a context of cloud computing and big data is highly appreciated today. Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is a smart category of encryption schemes that allows working with the data in its encrypted form. It…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Ahmed El-Yahyaoui , Mohamed Dafir Ech-Chrif El Kettani

The goal of this chapter is to present a survey of homomorphic encryption techniques and their applications. After a detailed discussion on the introduction and motivation of the chapter, we present some basic concepts of cryptography. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Jaydip Sen

The database community, at least for the last decade, has been grappling with querying encrypted data, which would enable secure database as a service solutions. A recent breakthrough in the cryptographic community (in 2009) related to…

Databases · Computer Science 2013-02-13 Murali Mani , Kinnari Shah , Manikanta Gunda

The requirement for privacy-aware machine learning increases as we continue to use PII (Personally Identifiable Information) within machine training. To overcome these privacy issues, we can apply Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-07 William J Buchanan , Hisham Ali

This paper is a compressed summary of some principal definitions and concepts in the approach to the black box algebra being developed by the authors. We suggest that black box algebra could be useful in cryptanalysis of homomorphic…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-04 Alexandre Borovik , Şükrü Yalçınkaya

Homomorphic encryption is an encryption method that enables computing over encrypted data. This has a wide range of real world ramifications such as being able to blindly compute a search result sent to a remote server without revealing its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-06-13 Sudharaka Palamakumbura , Hamid Usefi

A database is a prime target for cyber-attacks as it contains confidential, sensitive, or protected information. With the increasing sophistication of the internet and dependencies on internet data transmission, it has become vital to be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Tanvi S. Patel , Srinivasakranthikiran Kolachina , Daxesh P. Patel , Pranav S. Shrivastav

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a cryptographic scheme that enables computations to be performed directly on encrypted data, as if the data were in plaintext. After all computations are performed on the encrypted data, it can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ronny Ko

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) and trusted execution environments (TEE) are two approaches to provide confidentiality during data processing. Each approach has its own strengths and weaknesses. In certain scenarios, computations can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Romain de Laage

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is seeing increasing real-world deployment to protect data in use by allowing computation over encrypted data. However, the same malleability that enables homomorphic computations also raises integrity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Alexander Viand , Christian Knabenhans , Anwar Hithnawi

This paper explores the use of partially homomorphic encryption (PHE) for encrypted vector similarity search, with a focus on facial recognition and broader applications like reverse image search, recommendation engines, and large language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Sefik Serengil , Alper Ozpinar