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Multi-vehicle routing problem with soft time windows (MVRPSTW) is an indispensable constituent in urban logistics distribution systems. Over the past decade, numerous methods for MVRPSTW have been proposed, but most are based on heuristic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Ke Zhang , Meng Li , Zhengchao Zhang , Xi Lin , Fang He

This paper addresses a new vehicle routing problem that simultaneously involves time windows, split collection and linear weight-related cost, which is a generalization of the split delivery vehicle routing problem with time windows…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-01-28 Zhixin Luo , Hu Qin , Wenbin Zhu , Andrew Lim

Finding a feasible and prompt solution to the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a prerequisite for efficient freight transportation, seamless logistics, and sustainable mobility. Traditional optimization methods reach their limits when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Elija Deineko , Carina Kehrt

Optimization of on-demand transportation systems and ride-sharing services involves solving a class of complex vehicle routing problems with pickup and delivery with time windows (VRPPDTW). This paper first proposes a new time-discretized…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-04-12 Monirehalsadat Mahmoudi , Xuesong Zhou

Complex real-life routing challenges can be modeled as variations of well-known combinatorial optimization problems. These routing problems have long been studied and are difficult to solve at scale. The particular setting may also make…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Marijn van Knippenberg , Mike Holenderski , Vlado Menkovski

For many kinds of vehicle routing problems (VRPs), a popular heuristic approach involves constructing a Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) solution, referred to as a long tour, then partitioning segments of the solution into routes for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ethan Gibbons , Mario Ventresca , Beatrice M. Ombuki-Berman

The identification of valid inequalities, such as the rounded capacity inequalities (RCIs), is a key component of cutting plane methods for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). While a deep learning-based separation method can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Yoonju Sim , Hyeonah Kim , Changhyun Kwon

The electrification of off-road heavy equipment presents operational challenges for agencies serving remote sites with limited fixed charging infrastructure. Existing mobile fast charging vehicle (MFCV) planning approaches typically treat…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-04 Farhang Motallebi Araghi , Armin Abdolmohammadi , Navid Mojahed , Shima Nazari

In this paper, we explore the potential for quantum annealing to solve realistic routing problems. We focus on two NP-Hard problems, including the Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows and the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-04-01 James B. Holliday , Darren Blount , Eneko Osaba , Khoa Luu

We investigate a structural decomposition for the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) based on vehicle-to-customer "assignment" and visits "sequencing" decision variables. We show that an heuristic search focused on assignment…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-03-19 Túlio A. M. Toffolo , Thibaut Vidal , Tony Wauters

Several metaheuristics use decomposition and pruning strategies to solve large-scale instances of the vehicle routing problem (VRP). Those complexity reduction techniques often rely on simple, problem-specific rules. However, the growth in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Christoph Kerscher , Stefan Minner

In this paper, we present Approximation Schemes for Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) on several classes of graphs. In CVRP, introduced by Dantzig and Ramser (1959), we are given a graph $G=(V,E)$ with metric edges costs, a depot…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Aditya Jayaprakash , Mohammad R. Salavatipour

This paper presents an efficient algorithm, naming Centralized Searching and Decentralized Optimization (CSDO), to find feasible solution for large-scale Multi-Vehicle Trajectory Planning (MVTP) problem. Due to the intractable growth of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Yibin Yang , Shaobing Xu , Xintao Yan , Junkai Jiang , Jianqiang Wang , Heye Huang

We present an approach for computationally efficient dynamic time warping (DTW) and clustering of time-series data. The method frames the dynamic warping of time series datasets as an optimisation problem solved using dynamic programming,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-10 Volkan Kumtepeli , Rebecca Perriment , David A. Howey

Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) has emerged as a promising learning-based paradigm for addressing Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) by minimizing the need for extensive manual engineering. While existing NCO methods, trained on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Yuanyao Chen , Rongsheng Chen , Fu Luo , Zhenkun Wang

This paper proposes a weight-aware deep reinforcement learning (WADRL) approach designed to address the multiobjective vehicle routing problem with time windows (MOVRPTW), aiming to use a single deep reinforcement learning (DRL) model to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Rixin Wu , Ran Wang , Jie Hao , Qiang Wu , Ping Wang , Dusit Niyato

This paper introduces a new set of large-scale benchmark instances for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). The proposed XL set extends existing benchmarks by covering instances with 1,000 to 10,000 customers and a wide range of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-19 Eduardo Queiroga , Rafael Martinelli , Anand Subramanian , Eduardo Uchoa , Thibaut Vidal

For NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, it is usually difficult to find high-quality solutions in polynomial time. The design of either an exact algorithm or an approximate algorithm for these problems often requires significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Kun Lei , Peng Guo , Yi Wang , Xiao Wu , Wenchao Zhao

Vehicle routing problem (VRP) is an NP-hard optimization problem that has been an interest of research for decades in science and industry. The objective is to plan routes of vehicles to deliver a fixed number of customers with optimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-14 Nishikanta Mohanty , Bikash K. Behera

Efficient optimisation algorithms have become important tools for finding high-quality solutions to hard, real-world problems such as production scheduling, timetabling, or vehicle routing. These algorithms are typically "black boxes" that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Jie Liu , Tim Dwyer , Guido Tack , Samuel Gratzl , Kim Marriott