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The Jensen-Shannon divergence is a renown bounded symmetrization of the unbounded Kullback-Leibler divergence which measures the total Kullback-Leibler divergence to the average mixture distribution. However the Jensen-Shannon divergence…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Frank Nielsen

The Jensen-Shannon divergence is a renown bounded symmetrization of the Kullback-Leibler divergence which does not require probability densities to have matching supports. In this paper, we introduce a vector-skew generalization of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Frank Nielsen

This paper extends the asymmetric Kullback-Leibler divergence and symmetric Jensen-Shannon divergence from two probability measures to the case of two sets of probability measures. We establish some fundamental properties of these…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-31 Xinpeng Li , Miao Yu

In this report, we derive a non-negative series expansion for the Jensen-Shannon divergence (JSD) between two probability distributions. This series expansion is shown to be useful for numerical calculations of the JSD, when the probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2008-10-29 Anil Raj , Chris H. Wiggins

The measure of Jensen-Fisher divergence between probability distributions is introduced and its theoretical grounds set up. This quantity, in contrast to the remaining Jensen divergences, is very sensitive to the fluctuations of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-01-08 P. Sánchez-Moreno , A. Zarzo , J. S. Dehesa

We study the problem of estimating multiple discrete unimodal distributions, motivated by search behavior analysis on a real-world platform. To incorporate prior knowledge of precedence relations among distributions, we impose stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-13 Yasuhiro Yoshida , Noriyoshi Sukegawa , Jiro Iwanaga

We provide a distribution-free test that can be used to determine whether any two joint distributions $p$ and $q$ are statistically different by inspection of a large enough set of samples. Following recent efforts from Long et al. [1], we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-26 Francesco Solera , Andrea Palazzi

We generalize the Jensen-Shannon divergence by considering a variational definition with respect to a generic mean extending thereby the notion of Sibson's information radius. The variational definition applies to any arbitrary distance and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Frank Nielsen

In two-sampling testing, one observes two independent sequences of independent and identically distributed random variables distributed according to the distributions $P_1$ and $P_2$ and wishes to decide whether $P_1=P_2$ (null hypothesis)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-15 K V Harsha , Jithin Ravi , Tobias Koch

Jensen-Shannon divergence (JD) is a symmetrized and smoothed version of the most important divergence measure of information theory, Kullback divergence. As opposed to Kullback divergence it determines in a very direct way a metric; indeed,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-05-14 Jop Briët , Peter Harremoës

We discuss different statistical distances in probability space, with emphasis on the Jensen-Shannon divergence, vis-a-vis {\it metrics} in Hilbert space and their relationship with Fisher's information measure. This study provides further…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Casas , P. W. Lamberti , A. Plastino , A. R. Plastino

The geometric Jensen--Shannon divergence (G-JSD) gained popularity in machine learning and information sciences thanks to its closed-form expression between Gaussian distributions. In this work, we introduce an alternative definition of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Frank Nielsen

A tempered version of the discrete Linnik distribution is introduced in order to obtain integer-valued distribution families connected to stable laws. The proposal constitutes a generalization of the well-known Poisson-Tweedie law, which is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-10 Lucio Barabesi , Carolina Becatti , Marzia Marcheselli

Jensen-Shannon divergence is a well known multi-purpose measure of dissimilarity between probability distributions. It has been proven that the square root of this quantity is a true metric in the sense that, in addition to the basic…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-01-17 Tristán M. Osán , Diego G. Bussandri , Pedro W. Lamberti

The Poisson distribution of order $k$ is a special case of a compound Poisson distribution. For $k=1$ it is the standard Poisson distribution. Our main result is a proof that for sufficiently small values of the rate parameter $\lambda$,…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-03 S. R. Mane

For a distribution $p:=\{p_k\}_{k=1}^\infty$ on the positive integers, there are two natural ways to construct a random permutation in $S_n$ or of $\mathbb{N}$ from IID samples from $p$--the $p$-biased construction and the $p$-shifted…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Ross G. Pinsky

Mixture distributions are extensively used as a modeling tool in diverse areas from machine learning to communications engineering to physics, and obtaining bounds on the entropy of probability distributions is of fundamental importance in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-05 James Melbourne , Saurav Talukdar , Shreyas Bhaban , Mokshay Madiman , Murti V. Salapaka

Discrete normal distributions are defined as the distributions with prescribed means and covariance matrices which maximize entropy on the integer lattice support. The set of discrete normal distributions form an exponential family with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Frank Nielsen

The Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is a foundational measure for comparing probability distributions. Yet in multivariate settings, its single value often obscures the underlying reasons for divergence, conflating mismatches in individual…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-06 William Cook

The main motivation of this paper is to introduce the permutation Jensen-Shannon distance, a symbolic tool able to quantify the degree of similarity between two arbitrary time series. This quantifier results from the fusion of two concepts,…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2022-04-20 Luciano Zunino , Felipe Olivares , Haroldo V. Ribeiro , Osvaldo A. Rosso
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