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This paper studies Clinical Intelligent Decision Support Systems (CIDSSs) for lung cancer segmentation, which are based on deep neural nets. A new interactive CIDSS is proposed and compared with previous approaches. Addition-ally, the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-28 Volodymyr Sydorskyi

The topic of risk prevention and emergency response has become a key social and political concern. One approach to address this challenge is to develop Decision Support Systems (DSS) that can help emergency planners and responders to detect…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-04-21 Fahem Kebair , Frederic Serin

Individual clinical Knowledge Artifacts (KA) are designed to be used in Clinical Decision Support (CDS) systems at the point of care for delivery of safe, evidence-based care in modern healthcare systems. For formal authoring of a KA,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-03-06 Mohammad Hekmatnejad , Andrew M. Simms , Georgios Fainekos

Diagnostic Captioning (DC) automatically generates a diagnostic text from one or more medical images (e.g., X-rays, MRIs) of a patient. Treated as a draft, the generated text may assist clinicians, by providing an initial estimation of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Panagiotis Kaliosis , John Pavlopoulos , Foivos Charalampakos , Georgios Moschovis , Ion Androutsopoulos

An automated knowledge modeling algorithm for Cancer Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) extracts the knowledge contained in the CPG documents and transforms it into a programmatically interactable, easy-to-update structured model with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Pralaypati Ta , Bhumika Gupta , Arihant Jain , Sneha Sree C , Keerthi Ram , Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam

Ontology alignment, a critical process in the Semantic Web for detecting relationships between different ontologies, has traditionally focused on identifying so-called "simple" 1-to-1 relationships through class labels and properties…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Reihaneh Amini , Sanaz Saki Norouzi , Pascal Hitzler , Reza Amini

Ontology development methodologies emphasise knowledge gathering from domain experts and documentary resources, and knowledge representation using an ontology language such as OWL or FOL. However, working ontologists are often surprised by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Fabian Neuhaus , Janna Hastings

In traditional dose-finding studies, dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) is determined within a fixed time observation window where DLT is often defined as a binary outcome. In the setting of oncology dose-finding trials, often patients in…

Applications · Statistics 2019-09-09 Lucie Biard , Bin Cheng , Gulam A. Manji , Shing M. Lee

The ability to reason under uncertainty and with incomplete information is a fundamental requirement of decision support technology. In this paper we argue that the concentration on theoretical techniques for the evaluation and selection of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-26 John Fox , Paul J. Krause

Causality is essential for understanding complex systems, such as the economy, the brain, and the climate. Constructing causal graphs often relies on either data-driven or expert-driven approaches, both fraught with challenges. The former…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Kai-Hendrik Cohrs , Gherardo Varando , Emiliano Diaz , Vasileios Sitokonstantinou , Gustau Camps-Valls

Debugging of ontologies is an important prerequisite for their wide-spread application, especially in areas that rely upon everyday users to create and maintain knowledge bases, as in the case of the Semantic Web. Recent approaches use…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Kostyantyn Shchekotykhin , Gerhard Friedrich , Philipp Fleiss , Patrick Rodler

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has markedly expanded their application across diverse domains, transforming how complex problems are approached and solved. Initially conceived to predict subsequent words in texts, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Sumedh Rasal , E. J. Hauer

Case-based reasoning (CBR) as a methodology for problem-solving can use any appropriate computational technique. This position paper argues that CBR researchers have somewhat overlooked recent developments in deep learning and large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Ian Watson

The use of chatbots has spread, generating great interest in the industry for the possibility of automating tasks within the execution of their processes. The implementation of chatbots, however simple, is a complex endeavor that involves…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Bedilia Estrada-Torres , Adela del-Río-Ortega , Manuel Resinas

With the introduction of the Electric Health Records, large amounts of digital data become available for analysis and decision support. When physicians are prescribing treatments to a patient, they need to consider a large range of data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-05 Yinchong Yang , Peter A. Fasching , Markus Wallwiener , Tanja N. Fehm , Sara Y. Brucker , Volker Tresp

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in the innovation of many disciplines. However, how they can best be developed for oncology remains underdeveloped. State-of-the-art OpenAI models were fine-tuned on a clinical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Tristen Pool , Dennis Trujillo

This paper extends my research applying statistical decision theory to treatment choice with sample data, using maximum regret to evaluate the performance of treatment rules. The specific new contribution is to study as-if optimization…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-10-05 Charles F. Manski

Mental illness remains one of the most critical public health issues of our time, due to the severe scarcity and accessibility limit of professionals. Psychotherapy requires high-level expertise to conduct deep, complex reasoning and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Zhiyu Chen , Yujie Lu , William Yang Wang

While classical planning languages make the closed-domain and closed-world assumption, there have been various approaches to extend those with DL reasoning, which is then interpreted under the usual open-world semantics. Current approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Tobias John , Patrick Koopmann

Over two decades ago a "quite revolution" overwhelmingly replaced knowledgebased approaches in natural language processing (NLP) by quantitative (e.g., statistical, corpus-based, machine learning) methods. Although it is our firm belief…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-08-11 Walid S. Saba