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Molecular dynamics is the primary computational method by which modern structural biology explores macromolecule structure and function. Boltzmann generators have been proposed as an alternative to molecular dynamics, by replacing the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Congzhou M. Sha , Jian Wang , Nikolay V. Dokholyan

Efficiently generating statistically independent samples from an unnormalized probability distribution, such as equilibrium samples of many-body systems, is a foundational problem in science. In this paper, we propose Iterated Denoising…

In this work we apply deep neural networks to find the non-equilibrium steady state solution to correlated open quantum many-body systems. Motivated by the ongoing search to find more powerful representations of (mixed) quantum states, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Johannes Mellak , Enrico Arrigoni , Wolfgang von der Linden

The Boltzmann equation is a powerful theoretical tool for modeling the collective dynamics of quantum many-body systems subject to external perturbations. Analysis of the equation gives access to linear response properties including…

Boltzmann generators approach the sampling problem in many-body physics by combining a normalizing flow and a statistical reweighting method to generate samples of a physical system's equilibrium density. The equilibrium distribution is…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-12-02 Manuel Dibak , Leon Klein , Frank Noé

Deep learning methods relying on multi-layered networks have been actively studied in a wide range of fields in recent years, and deep Boltzmann machines(DBMs) is one of them. In this study, a model of DBMs with some properites of weight…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-10-06 Yuma Ichikawa , Koji Hukushima

Boltzmann machines (BMs) are powerful energy-based generative models, but their heavy training cost has largely confined practical use to Restricted BMs (RBMs) trained with an efficient learning method called contrastive divergence. More…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Kentaro Kubo , Hayato Goto

Learning to sample from complex unnormalized distributions is a fundamental challenge in computational physics and machine learning. While score-based and variational methods have achieved success in continuous domains, extending them to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-11 Lei Li , Zhen Wang , Lishuo Zhang

A century ago, the foundations of equilibrium statistical mechanics were laid. For a system in equilibrium with a thermal bath, much is understood through the Boltzmann factor, exp{-H[C]/kT}, for the probability of finding the system in any…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 R. K. P. Zia , L. B. Shaw , B. Schmittmann , R. J. Astalos

A tight and consistent link between resolutions is crucial to further expand the impact of multiscale modeling for complex materials. We herein tackle the generation of condensed molecular structures as a refinement -- backmapping -- of a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-03-18 Marc Stieffenhofer , Michael Wand , Tristan Bereau

The Boltzmann distribution predicts the collective behavior of systems at thermodynamic equilibrium as a function of their constituent parts. Yet most systems in nature are not at equilibrium, and a unified theory of their behavior does not…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-10-16 Milo M. Lin

Developing an efficient sampler capable of generating independent and identically distributed (IID) samples from a Boltzmann distribution is a crucial challenge in scientific research, e.g. molecular dynamics. In this work, we intend to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 RuiKang OuYang , Bo Qiang , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Deep Boltzmann machines (DBMs), one of the first ``deep'' learning methods ever studied, are multi-layered probabilistic models governed by a pairwise energy function that describes the likelihood of all variables/nodes in the network. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Zhili Feng , Ezra Winston , J. Zico Kolter

The most rigorous physical description of non-equilibrium gas dynamics is rooted in the numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation. Yet, the large number of degrees of freedom and the wide range of both spatial and temporal scales render…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-10-25 Anthony Chang , Narendra Singh , Marco Panesi

We develop a constructive approach to generate artificial neural networks representing the exact ground states of a large class of many-body lattice Hamiltonians. It is based on the deep Boltzmann machine architecture, in which two layers…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-12-18 Giuseppe Carleo , Yusuke Nomura , Masatoshi Imada

Sampling from Boltzmann distributions, particularly those tied to high dimensional and complex energy functions, poses a significant challenge in many fields. In this work, we present the Energy-Based Diffusion Generator (EDG), a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yan Wang , Ling Guo , Hao Wu , Tao Zhou

Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) are one of the fundamental building blocks of deep learning. Approximate maximum likelihood training of RBMs typically necessitates sampling from these models. In many training scenarios, computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-10-02 Guillaume Desjardins , Heng Luo , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio

Combining analytical and numerical methods, we study within the framework of the homogeneous non-linear Boltzmann equation, a broad class of models relevant for the dynamics of dissipative fluids, including granular gases. We use the new…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-09-23 E. Trizac , A. Barrat , M. H. Ernst

Neural quantum states efficiently represent many-body wavefunctions with neural networks, but the cost of Monte Carlo sampling limits their scaling to large system sizes. Here we address this challenge by combining sparse Boltzmann machine…

Analyzing quantum many-body problems and elucidating the entangled structure of quantum states is a significant challenge common to a wide range of fields. Recently, a novel approach using machine learning was introduced to address this…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-11-15 Yusuke Nomura