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Neuronal excitability is known to be affected by transcranial electrical stimulation. However, due to the existence of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the cortex, the mechanism of neuronal excitability shift is still not clear.…
Background: Direct electrical stimulation of the brain through intracranial electrodes is currently used to probe the epileptic brain as part of pre-surgical evaluation, and it is also being considered for therapeutic treatments through…
Transcranial electric stimulation (TES) can modulate intrinsic neural activity in the brain by injecting weak currents through electrodes attached to the scalp. TES has been widely used as a neuroscience tool to investigate how behavioural…
Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a powerful tool to investigate neurophysiology of the human brain and treat brain disorders. Traditionally, therapeutic TMS has been applied in a one-size-fits-all approach,…
Non-invasive brain stimulation, such as transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) provides a powerful tool to directly modulate brain oscillations that mediate complex cognitive processes. While the body of evidence about the…
Objective: Numerical modeling of electric fields induced by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is currently a part of the standard procedure to predict and understand neural response. Quasi-static approximation for electric…
Multichannel transcranial current stimulation (tCS) systems offer the possibility of EEG-guided optimized, non-invasive brain stimulation. In this brief technical note I explain how it is possible to use tCS electric field realistic brain…
The reconstruction of brain neural network connections occurs not only during the infancy and early childhood stages of brain development, but also in patients with cognitive impairment in middle and old age under the therapy with…
Electromagnetic stimulation of the human brain is a key tool for the neurophysiological characterization and diagnosis of several neurological disorders. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is one procedure that is commonly used…
Functional connectivity (FC) between brain regions tracks symptom severity in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) directly alters regional activity and indirectly alters FC. Predicting how FC will change…
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is becoming an important method in the field of motor rehabilitation because of its ability to non-invasively influence ongoing brain oscillations at arbitrary frequencies. However,…
Objective. Personalized transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has gained growing attention due to the substantial inter-individual variability in brain anatomy and physiology. While previous reviews have discussed the physiological…
Fractional-order dynamical systems are used to describe processes that exhibit temporal long-term memory and power-law dependence of trajectories. There has been evidence that complex neurophysiological signals like electroencephalogram…
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) combined with EEG recordings (TMS-EEG) has shown great potential in the study of the brain and in particular of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In this study, we propose an automatic method of determining…
In this article, we design a novel Transcranial Electrical Stimulator for medical applications, which is very cheap and can produce the desired signals very accurately. Our fabricated stimulator generates all current signals related to…
Targeted electrical stimulation of the brain perturbs neural networks and modulates their rhythmic activity both at the site of stimulation and at remote brain regions. Understanding, or even predicting, this neuromodulatory effect is…
Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is widely used to study the reactivity and connectivity of brain regions for clinical or research purposes. The electromagnetic pulse of the TMS device…
During brain function, groups of neurons fire synchronously. When these groups are large enough, the resulting electrical signals can be measured on the scalp using Electroencephalography (EEG). The amplitude of these signals can be…
This study demonstrates the capability of external signal recording into memory and the reproduction of memory trace of this pattern in EEG by direct AC electrical stimulation of rat cerebral cortex. Additionally, we examine shifts of the…
Stochastic Resonance (SR) describes a phenomenon where an additive noise (stochastic carrier-wave) enhances the signal transmission in a nonlinear system. In the nervous system, nonlinear properties are present from the level of single ion…