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Belief propagation (BP) is an iterative method to perform approximate inference on arbitrary graphical models. Whether BP converges and if the solution is a unique fixed point depends on both the structure and the parametrization of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-31 Christian Knoll , Franz Pernkopf , Dhagash Mehta , Tianran Chen

Belief propagation (BP) algorithm is a widely used message-passing method for inference in graphical models. BP on loop-free graphs converges in linear time. But for graphs with loops, BP's performance is uncertain, and the understanding of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-30 Dong Liu , Minh Thành Vu , Zuxing Li , Lars K. Rasmussen

Belief Propagation (BP) is an efficient message-passing algorithm widely used for inference in graphical models and for solving various problems in statistical physics. However, BP often yields inaccurate estimates of order parameters and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Seongmin Kim , Alec Kirkley

How can we tell when accounts are fake or real in a social network? And how can we tell which accounts belong to liberal, conservative or centrist users? Often, we can answer such questions and label nodes in a network based on the labels…

Databases · Computer Science 2014-10-17 Wolfgang Gatterbauer , Stephan Günnemann , Danai Koutra , Christos Faloutsos

The sum-product or belief propagation (BP) algorithm is a widely used message-passing technique for computing approximate marginals in graphical models. We introduce a new technique, called stochastic orthogonal series message-passing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-12-18 Nima Noorshams , Martin J. Wainwright

The generalized belief propagation (GBP), introduced by Yedidia et al., is an extension of the belief propagation (BP) algorithm, which is widely used in different problems involved in calculating exact or approximate marginals of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-09 Farzin Haddadpour , Mahdi Jafari Siavoshani , Morteza Noshad

The sum-product or belief propagation (BP) algorithm is a widely-used message-passing algorithm for computing marginal distributions in graphical models with discrete variables. At the core of the BP message updates, when applied to a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-05-28 Nima Noorshams , Martin J. Wainwright

Belief Propagation (BP) is a simple probabilistic inference algorithm, consisting of passing messages between nodes of a graph representing a probability distribution. Its analogy with a neural network suggests that it could have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Vincent Bouttier , Renaud Jardri , Sophie Deneve

Belief propagation (BP) is a message-passing heuristic for statistical inference in graphical models such as Bayesian networks and Markov random fields. BP is used to compute marginal distributions or maximum likelihood assignments and has…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-11-15 Tobias Brunsch , Kamiel Cornelissen , Bodo Manthey , Heiko Röglin

The belief propagation (BP) algorithm is widely applied to perform approximate inference on arbitrary graphical models, in part due to its excellent empirical properties and performance. However, little is known theoretically about when…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-06-26 Alexander T. Ihler

We define and study an inference algorithm based on "belief propagation" (BP) and the Bethe approximation. The idea is to encode into a graph an a priori information composed of correlations or marginal probabilities of variables, and to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Cyril Furtlehner , Jean-Marc Lasgouttes , Arnaud De La Fortelle

Belief propagation (BP) can do exact inference in loop-free graphs, but its performance could be poor in graphs with loops, and the understanding of its solution is limited. This work gives an interpretable belief propagation rule that is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-26 Dong Liu , Nima N. Moghadam , Lars K. Rasmussen , Jinliang Huang , Saikat Chatterjee

Belief Propagation (BP) is a powerful algorithm for distributed inference in probabilistic graphical models, however it quickly becomes infeasible for practical compute and memory budgets. Many efficient, non-parametric forms of BP have…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Tom Yates , Yuzhou Cheng , Ignacio Alzugaray , Danyal Akarca , Pedro A. M. Mediano , Andrew J. Davison

Belief Propagation (BP) is a popular, distributed heuristic for performing MAP computations in Graphical Models. BP can be interpreted, from a variational perspective, as minimizing the Bethe Free Energy (BFE). BP can also be used to solve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-05-20 Andrew Gelfand , Jinwoo Shin , Michael Chertkov

We present a novel distributed Gauss-Newton method for the non-linear state estimation (SE) model based on a probabilistic inference method called belief propagation (BP). The main novelty of our work comes from applying BP sequentially…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Mirsad Cosovic , Dejan Vukobratovic

Inference for probabilistic graphical models is still very much a practical challenge in large domains. The commonly used and effective belief propagation (BP) algorithm and its generalizations often do not converge when applied to hard,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-02 Gal Elidan , Ian McGraw , Daphne Koller

Data association, the problem of reasoning over correspondence between targets and measurements, is a fundamental problem in tracking. This paper presents a graphical model formulation of data association and applies an approximate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-12-16 Jason L. Williams , Roslyn A. Lau

Belief propagation (BP) is a powerful tool to solve distributed inference problems, though it is limited by short cycles in the corresponding factor graph. Such cycles may lead to incorrect solutions or oscillatory behavior. Only for…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-02-08 Christopher Lindberg , Julien M. Hendrickx , Henk Wymeersch

Belief Propagation (BP) is a widely used approximation for exact probabilistic inference in graphical models, such as Markov Random Fields (MRFs). In graphs with cycles, however, no exact convergence guarantees for BP are known, in general.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-12-28 Wolfgang Gatterbauer

Belief propagation is a fundamental message-passing algorithm for probabilistic reasoning and inference in graphical models. While it is known to be exact on trees, in most applications belief propagation is run on graphs with cycles.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Frederic Koehler
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