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Determining the different conformational states of a protein and the transition paths between them is key to fully understanding the relationship between biomolecular structure and function. This can be accomplished by sampling protein…

Biological Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Venkata K. Ramaswamy , Chris G. Willcocks , Matteo T. Degiacomi

Novel sampling algorithms can significantly impact open questions in computational biology, most notably the in silico protein folding problem. By using computational methods, protein folding aims to find the three-dimensional structure of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Peter Minary , Michael Levitt

A fundamental goal of research in molecular biology is to understand protein structure. Protein crystallography is currently the most successful method for determining the three-dimensional (3D) conformation of a protein, yet it remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-11-17 L. Leherte , J. Glasgow , K. Baxter , E. Steeg , S. Fortier

Protein structure prediction is a challenging and unsolved problem in computer science. Proteins are the sequence of amino acids connected together by single peptide bond. The combinations of the twenty primary amino acids are the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2015-10-12 Mahmood A. Rashid , Firas Khatib , Abdul Sattar

Protein folding is one of the age-old biological problems that refers to the mechanism of understanding and predicting how a protein's linear sequence of amino acids folds into its specific three dimensional structure.This structure is…

We review the recent progress in computational approaches to protein design which builds on advances in statistical-mechanical protein folding theory. In particular, we evaluate the degeneracy of the protein code (i.e. how many sequences…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 E. I. Shakhnovich

Proteins are the most important biomolecules for living organisms. The understanding of protein structure, function, dynamics and transport is one of most challenging tasks in biological science. In the present work, persistent homology is,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2014-12-10 Kelin Xia , Guo-Wei Wei

The ability to consistently distinguish real protein structures from computationally generated model decoys is not yet a solved problem. One route to distinguish real protein structures from decoys is to delineate the important physical…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-09-01 Alex T. Grigas , Zhe Mei , John D. Treado , Zachary A. Levine , Lynne Regan , Corey S. O'Hern

Structure determination is key to understanding protein function at a molecular level. Whilst significant advances have been made in predicting structure and function from amino acid sequence, researchers must still rely on expensive,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Alexander Hudson , Shaogang Gong

A generalized computational method for folding proteins with a fully transferable potential and geometrically realistic all-atom model is presented and tested on seven different helix bundle proteins. The protocol, which includes…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2009-11-11 Isaac A. Hubner , Eric J. Deeds , Eugene I. Shakhnovich

Determining the structure of a protein has been a decades-long open question. A protein's three-dimensional structure often poses nontrivial computation costs, when classical simulation algorithms are utilized. Advances in the transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Chen Dun , Qiutai Pan , Shikai Jin , Ria Stevens , Mitchell D. Miller , George N. Phillips, , Anastasios Kyrillidis

Computational protein design facilitates discovery of novel proteins with prescribed structure and functionality. Exciting designs were recently reported using novel data-driven methodologies that can be roughly divided into two categories:…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-03-28 Cyril Malbranke , David Bikard , Simona Cocco , Rémi Monasson , Jérôme Tubiana

Protein folding, which dictates the protein structure from its amino acid sequence, is half a century old problem of biology. The function of the protein correlates with its structure, emphasizing the need of understanding protein folding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-03 Jaya Vasavi P , Soham Bopardikar , Avinash D , Ashwini K , Kalyan Dasgupta , Sanjib Senapati

Proteins are complex biomolecules that play a central role in various biological processes, making them critical targets for breakthroughs in molecular biology, medical research, and drug discovery. Deciphering their intricate, hierarchical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Viet Thanh Duy Nguyen , Truong-Son Hy

Massive molecular simulations of drug-target proteins have been used as a tool to understand disease mechanism and develop therapeutics. This work focuses on learning a generative neural network on a structural ensemble of a drug-target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 N. Joseph Tatro , Payel Das , Pin-Yu Chen , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Rongjie Lai

Designing protein sequences that fold into a target 3-D structure, termed as the inverse folding problem, is central to protein engineering. However, it remains challenging due to the vast sequence space and the importance of local…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-17 Sazan Mahbub , Souvik Kundu , Eric P. Xing

Protein representation learning (PRL) is crucial for understanding structure-function relationships, yet current sequence- and graph-based methods fail to capture the hierarchical organization inherent in protein structures. We introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Zhiyu Wang , Arian Jamasb , Mustafa Hajij , Alex Morehead , Luke Braithwaite , Pietro Liò

A protein's function depends critically on its conformational ensemble, a collection of energy weighted structures whose balance depends on temperature and environment. Though recent deep learning (DL) methods have substantially advanced…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-09 Myeongsang Lee , Lauren L. Porter

Shortly after the determination of the first protein x-ray crystal structures, researchers analyzed their cores and reported packing fractions $\phi \approx 0.75$, a value that is similar to close packing equal-sized spheres. A limitation…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2016-04-06 Jennifer C. Gaines , W. Wendell Smith , Lynne Regan , Corey S. O'Hern

The prediction of the three-dimensional native structure of proteins from the knowledge of their amino acid sequence, known as the protein folding problem, is one of the most important yet unsolved issues of modern science. Since the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2008-11-24 Pablo Echenique