Related papers: Stringent tests of QED using highly charged ions

I review developments of how compact table-top setups with ultracold atoms can help us to understand the more complex real-time dynamics of QCD probed in heavy-ion collision experiments.

Current heavy-ion collision experiments might lead to the discovery of a first-order chiral symmetry breaking phase-transition line, ending in a second-order critical point. Nevertheless, the extraction of information about the equilibrium…

These days, as high energy particle colliders become unavailable for testing speculative theoretical ideas, physicists are looking to other environments that may provide extreme conditions where theory confronts physical reality. One such…

Whether Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) exhibits a phase transition at finite temperature and density is an open question. It is important for hydrodynamic modeling of heavy ion collisions and neutron star mergers. Lattice QCD simulations have…

We highlight the progress, current status, and open challenges of QCD-driven physics, in theory and in experiment. We discuss how the strong interaction is intimately connected to a broad sweep of physical problems, in settings ranging from…

In the last few years, numerical simulations of QCD on the lattice have reached a new level of accuracy. A wide range of thermodynamic quantities is now available in the continuum limit and for physical quark masses. This allows a…

We study transitions between ground and low-energy excited states of heavy ions corresponding to s-d single-electron transitions or s^2-d^2 double-electron transitions. The large nuclear charge Z and significant change in angular momentum…

In the past decade the observation of cross section modification for leading hadrons, heavy flavor and two particle correlations in heavy ion collisions has provided important insights into the dynamics of parton propagation in dense…

In these two lectures I review the basics of heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies and the physics we can do with them. I aim to cover the basics on the kinematics and observables in heavy-ion collider experiments, the basics on the…

We present the most accurate up-to-date theoretical values of the {2p_{1/2}}-{2s} and {2p_{3/2}}-{2s} transition energies and the ground-state hyperfine splitting in ${\rm Sc}^{18+}$. All two- and three-electron contributions to the energy…

Lepto-nuclear colliders offer unique experimental opportunities to probe QCD in an extended medium. Of the many possibilities, three experiments are described here that are clearly feasible and of high scientific importance. First, a direct…

This report was prepared on behalf of three Energy Frontier Topical Groups of the Snowmass 2021 Community Planning Exercise. It summarizes the status and implications of studies of strong interactions in high-energy experiments and QCD…

A summary is presented of the key strong-interaction measurements that could be made at a high-energy, high-luminosity e+e- collider

Upcoming high-intensity laser systems will be able to probe the quantum-induced nonlinear regime of electrodynamics. So far unobserved QED phenomena such as the discovery of a nonlinear response of the quantum vacuum to macroscopic…

An overview of the latest theoretical developments and results on electromagnetic and weak probes in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is presented. The possibilities to use electromagnetic probes, i.e., photons and dileptons, as a…

This short paper is an attempt to describe a theorist's view of the goals of relativistic heavy ion program which has just entered the collider era. These goals are centered around understanding the properties and the critical behavior of…

Level crossings in the ground state of ions occur when the nuclear charge Z and ion charge Z_ion are varied along an isoelectronic sequence until the two outermost shells are nearly degenerate. We examine all available level crossings in…

QCD critical point is a landmark region in the QCD phase diagram outlined by temperature as a function of baryon chemical potential. To the right of this second-order phase transition point, one expects first order quark-hadron phase…

The present knowledge of QCD confining forces between static test charges is summarised, with an emphasis on lattice results. Recent developments in relating QCD potentials to quarkonium properties by use of effective field theory methods…

The Future Circular Collider (FCC) Study is aimed at assessing the physics potential and the technical feasibility of a new collider with centre-of-mass energies, in the hadron-hadron collision mode, seven times larger than the nominal LHC…