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In control theory, researchers need to understand a system's local and global behaviors in relation to its initial conditions. When discussing observability, the main focus is on the ability to analyze the system using an output space…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-26 Thiago Matheus Cavalheiro , Alexandre José Santana , Victor Ayala

We describe a natural generalization of irreducibility in order lattices with arbitrary metrics. We analyse the special cases of valuation metrics and more general metrics for lattices. This article is mainly based on a part of the author's…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2010-05-28 Andreas Lochmann

In this article, we address the problem of how temperature of a quantum system is observed. By proposing a thought experiment, we argue that temperature must be conceived as an operator and its measurement must necessarily accompany a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-19 Sushrut Ghonge , Dervis Can Vural

The long-time asymptotics of solutions of the Cauchy problem for the heat equation are constructed in the case when the initial function at infinity has power asymptotics.

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-05-05 Sergei V. Zakharov

The renormalization constants present in the lattice evaluation of the topological susceptibility can be non-perturbatively calculated by using the so-called heating method. We test this method for the $O(3)$ non-linear $\sigma$-model in…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2009-10-28 B. Alles , M. Beccaria , F. Farchioni

We present a theoretical study of bose condensation and specific heat of non-interacting bosons in finite lattices in harmonic potentials in one, two, and three dimensions. We numerically diagonalize the Hamiltonian to obtain the energy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 R. Ramakumar , A. N. Das , S. Sil

The heat flow between a quantum system and its reservoir is analyzed when initially both are in a separable thermal state and asymptotically approach a correlated equilibrium. General findings are illustrated for specific systems and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Joachim Ankerhold , Jukka P. Pekola

Heat capacity measurements are a powerful tool that researchers rely on when studying the relationship between microscopic degrees of freedom and macroscopic behavior in condensed matter. This uniqueness stems from heat capacity capturing…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-04-15 K. Ramesh Kumar , Xudong Huai , Michał J. Winiarski , Allen O. Scheie , Thao T. Tran

We study the observability properties of the Grushin equation with an inverse square potential, whose singularity occurs at the boundary of two-dimensional rectangular domains or in the interior of the domain in higher dimensions. In some…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Roman Vanlaere

We prove some estimations of the correlation of two local observables in quantum spin systems (with Schr\"odinger equations) at large temperature. For that, we describe the heat kernel of the Hamiltonian for a finite subset of the lattice,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Laurent Amour , Claudy Cancelier , Pierre Levy-Bruhl , Jean Nourrigat

In this Note, we review the main existing results, methods, and some key open problems on the controllability of nonlinear hyperbolic and parabolic equations. Especially, we describe our recent universal approach to solve the local…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2009-04-17 Xu Zhang

We derive a Bell-type inequality for observables with arbitrary spectra. For the case of continuous variable systems we propose a possible experimental violation of this inequality, by using squeezed light and homodyne detection together…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-02-24 E. Shchukin W. Vogel

In this paper, we establish some important results for the impulsive wave equation. We begin by proving the existence of a solution. Then, we study the impulse approximate controllability where the control function acts on a subdomain…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-08 Walid Zouhair , Akram Ben Aissa

Difference equations have many applications and play an important role in numerical analysis, probability, statistics, combinatorics, computer science, quantum consciousness, etc. We first prove that the partial differential equation is…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-02-24 Chun-Kai Hwang , Tzon-Tzer Lu

Lattice QCD allows us to simulate QCD at non-zero temperature and/or densities. Such equilibrium thermodynamics calculations are relevant to the physics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. I give a brief review of the field with emphasis…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2017-08-23 D. K. Sinclair

We consider the null controllability problem from the exterior for the one dimensional heat equation on the interval $(0,1)$ associated with the fractional Laplace operator $(-\partial_x^2)^s$, where $0<s<1$. We show that there is a control…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-01-10 Mahamadi Warma , Sebastian Zamorano

A remarkable progress has been made in the understanding of the hot and dense QCD matter using lattice gauge theory. The issues which are very well understood as well those which require both conceptual as well as algorithmic advances are…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2014-11-21 Sayantan Sharma

We show Carleman estimates, observability inequalities and null controllability results for parabolic equations with non smooth coefficients degenerating at an interior point.

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-08-18 Genni Fragnelli , Dimitri Mugnai

In Quantum Physics it is not always possible to directly perform the measurement of an obsevable; in some of these cases, however, its value can be {\sl detected}, i.e. it can be inferred by measuring {\sl another} observable characterized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-10 Giuseppe Nisticò , Angela Sestito

We study the thermal conduction behaviors of one-dimensional lattice models with asymmetry harmonic interparticle interactions in this paper. Normal thermal conductivity independent of the system size is observed when the lattice chains are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-11-03 Yi Zhong , Yong Zhang , Jiao Wang , Hong Zhao