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In this paper, we study the ability of large language models to learn specific mathematical rules such as distributivity or simplifying equations. We present an empirical analysis of their ability to generalize these rules, as well as to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Antoine Gorceix , Bastien Le Chenadec , Ahmad Rammal , Nelson Vadori , Manuela Veloso

Compositional generalization is a basic and essential intellective capability of human beings, which allows us to recombine known parts readily. However, existing neural network based models have been proven to be extremely deficient in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Qian Liu , Shengnan An , Jian-Guang Lou , Bei Chen , Zeqi Lin , Yan Gao , Bin Zhou , Nanning Zheng , Dongmei Zhang

This position paper argues that understanding generalization in diffusion models requires fundamentally new theoretical frameworks that go beyond both classical statistical learning theory and the benign overfitting paradigm developed for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Pierre Marion , Yu-Han Wu

While recent work has convincingly showed that sequence-to-sequence models struggle to generalize to new compositions (termed compositional generalization), little is known on what makes compositional generalization hard on a particular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Ben Bogin , Shivanshu Gupta , Jonathan Berant

Despite the remarkable capabilities of modern large language models (LLMs), the mechanisms behind their problem-solving abilities remain elusive. In this work, we aim to better understand how the learning dynamics of LLM finetuning shapes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Katie Kang , Amrith Setlur , Dibya Ghosh , Jacob Steinhardt , Claire Tomlin , Sergey Levine , Aviral Kumar

Compositional generalization refers to correctly interpret novel combinations of known primitives, which remains a major challenge. Existing approaches often rely on supervised fine-tuning, which encourages models to imitate target outputs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Xiyan Fu , Wei Liu

The compositional generalization abilities of neural models have been sought after for human-like linguistic competence. The popular method to evaluate such abilities is to assess the models' input-output behavior. However, that does not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Ryoma Kumon , Hitomi Yanaka

Learning models that offer robust out-of-distribution generalization and fast adaptation is a key challenge in modern machine learning. Modelling causal structure into neural networks holds the promise to accomplish robust zero and few-shot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Nino Scherrer , Anirudh Goyal , Stefan Bauer , Yoshua Bengio , Nan Rosemary Ke

Prior domain knowledge can greatly help to learn generative models. However, it is often too costly to hard-code prior knowledge as a specific model architecture, so we often have to use general-purpose models. In this paper, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Naoya Takeishi , Yoshinobu Kawahara

We assess how the code reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) generalize to different kinds of programs. We present techniques for obtaining in- and out-of-distribution programs with different characteristics: code sampled from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Rem Yang , Julian Dai , Nikos Vasilakis , Martin Rinard

We provide a study of how induced model sparsity can help achieve compositional generalization and better sample efficiency in grounded language learning problems. We consider simple language-conditioned navigation problems in a grid world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Sam Spilsbury , Alexander Ilin

Pre-trained language models have been successful on text classification tasks, but are prone to learning spurious correlations from biased datasets, and are thus vulnerable when making inferences in a new domain. Prior work reveals such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Huihan Yao , Ying Chen , Qinyuan Ye , Xisen Jin , Xiang Ren

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant progress in various natural language generation and understanding tasks. However, their linguistic generalization capabilities remain questionable, raising doubts about whether…

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly advanced, their ability to exhibit compositional generalization -- the capacity to combine learned skills in novel ways not encountered during training -- has garnered significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Haoyu Zhao , Simran Kaur , Dingli Yu , Anirudh Goyal , Sanjeev Arora

Transformer-based models excel in various tasks but their generalization capabilities, especially in arithmetic reasoning, remain incompletely understood. Arithmetic tasks provide a controlled framework to explore these capabilities, yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Xingcheng Xu , Zibo Zhao , Haipeng Zhang , Yanqing Yang

Compositional generalization allows efficient learning and human-like inductive biases. Since most research investigating compositional generalization in NLP is done on English, important questions remain underexplored. Do the necessary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Zi Wang , Daniel Hershcovich

Inspired from human cognition, machine learning systems are gradually revealing advantages of sparser and more modular architectures. Recent work demonstrates that not only do some modular architectures generalize well, but they also lead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Sarthak Mittal , Yoshua Bengio , Guillaume Lajoie

Modularity is a paradigm of machine translation with the potential of bringing forth models that are large at training time and small during inference. Within this field of study, modular approaches, and in particular attention bridges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Timothee Mickus , Raúl Vázquez , Joseph Attieh

Question answering models struggle to generalize to novel compositions of training patterns, such to longer sequences or more complex test structures. Current end-to-end models learn a flat input embedding which can lose input syntax…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Yu Gai , Paras Jain , Wendi Zhang , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Dawn Song , Ion Stoica

Systematic generalization aims to evaluate reasoning about novel combinations from known components, an intrinsic property of human cognition. In this work, we study systematic generalization of NNs in forecasting future time series of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Hritik Bansal , Gantavya Bhatt , Pankaj Malhotra , Prathosh A. P