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Generative modelling aims to accelerate the discovery of novel chemicals by directly proposing structures with desirable properties. Recently, score-based, or diffusion, generative models have significantly outperformed previous approaches.…

Hit identification is a critical yet resource-intensive step in the drug discovery pipeline, traditionally relying on high-throughput screening of large compound libraries. Despite advancements in virtual screening, these methods remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Nagham Osman , Vittorio Lembo , Giovanni Bottegoni , Laura Toni

We introduce a machine-learning (ML) framework for high-throughput benchmarking of diverse representations of chemical systems against datasets of materials and molecules. The guiding principle underlying the benchmarking approach is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Carl Poelking , Felix A. Faber , Bingqing Cheng

A molecule's geometry, also known as conformation, is one of a molecule's most important properties, determining the reactions it participates in, the bonds it forms, and the interactions it has with other molecules. Conventional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Elman Mansimov , Omar Mahmood , Seokho Kang , Kyunghyun Cho

Molecules play a crucial role in biomedical research and discovery, particularly in the field of small molecule drug development. Given the rapid advancements in large language models, especially the recent emergence of reasoning models, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Chenyang Zuo , Siqi Fan , Zaiqing Nie

Molecular generation, an essential method for identifying new drug structures, has been supported by advancements in machine learning and computational technology. However, challenges remain in multi-objective generation, model…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-04-11 Ningfeng Liu , Jie Yu , Siyu Xiu , Xinfang Zhao , Siyu Lin , Bo Qiang , Ruqiu Zheng , Hongwei Jin , Liangren Zhang , Zhenming Liu

The goal of structure-based drug discovery is to find small molecules that bind to a given target protein. Deep learning has been used to generate drug-like molecules with certain cheminformatic properties, but has not yet been applied to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-27 Matthew Ragoza , Tomohide Masuda , David Ryan Koes

Proteins are macromolecules that mediate a significant fraction of the cellular processes that underlie life. An important task in bioengineering is designing proteins with specific 3D structures and chemical properties which enable…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-05-31 Namrata Anand , Tudor Achim

Machine learning has recently emerged as a powerful tool for generating new molecular and material structures. The success of state-of-the-art models stems from their ability to incorporate physical symmetries, such as translation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Bingqing Cheng

Generating novel drug molecules with desired biological properties is a time consuming and complex task. Conditional generative adversarial models have recently been proposed as promising approaches for de novo drug design. In this paper,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-10-26 Yuansan Liu , James Bailey

By linking conceptual theories with observed data, generative models can support reasoning in complex situations. They have come to play a central role both within and beyond statistics, providing the basis for power analysis in molecular…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-15 Kris Sankaran , Susan P. Holmes

SE(3)-based generative models have shown great promise in protein geometry modeling and effective structure design. However, the field currently lacks a modularized benchmark to enable comprehensive investigation and fair comparison of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Lang Yu , Zhangyang Gao , Cheng Tan , Qin Chen , Jie Zhou , Liang He

Deep generative models have recently been applied to molecule design. If the molecules are encoded in linear SMILES strings, modeling becomes convenient. However, models relying on string representations tend to generate invalid samples and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Bo Pang , Tian Han , Ying Nian Wu

Due to the vast design space of molecules, generating molecules conditioned on a specific sub-structure relevant to a particular function or therapeutic target is a crucial task in computer-aided drug design. Existing works mainly focus on…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-24 Qi Zhengyang , Liu Zijing , Zhang Jiying , Cao He , Li Yu

Predicting stable and metastable structures is central to molecular and materials discovery, but remains limited by the cost of searching high-dimensional energy landscapes. Deep generative models offer efficient structure sampling, yet…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yifang Qin , Yu Shi , Junfu Tan , Chang Liu , Ming Zhang , Ziheng Lu

Molecular structure generation is a fundamental problem that involves determining the 3D positions of molecules' constituents. It has crucial biological applications, such as molecular docking, protein folding, and molecular design. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Wenyin Zhou , Christopher Iliffe Sprague , Vsevolod Viliuga , Matteo Tadiello , Arne Elofsson , Hossein Azizpour

Molecular Dynamics (MD) is a powerful computational microscope for probing protein functions. However, the need for fine-grained integration and the long timescales of biomolecular events make MD computationally expensive. To address this,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Kacper Kapuśniak , Cristian Gabellini , Michael Bronstein , Prudencio Tossou , Francesco Di Giovanni

While graph neural networks have shown remarkable success in molecular property prediction, current approaches like the Equivariant Subgraph Aggregation Networks (ESAN) treat molecules as bags of independent substructures, overlooking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Shuhui Qu , Cheolwoo Park

We propose a novel molecular fingerprint-based variational autoencoder applied for molecular generation on real-world drug molecules. We define more suitable and pharma-relevant baseline metrics and tests, focusing on the generation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Ruslan N. Tazhigulov , Joshua Schiller , Jacob Oppenheim , Max Winston

Key objectives in conditional molecular generation include ensuring chemical validity, aligning generated molecules with target properties, promoting structural diversity, and enabling efficient sampling for discovery. Recent advances in…