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Quantum error correction codes play a central role in the realisation of fault-tolerant quantum computing. Chamon model is a 3D generalization of the toric code. The error correction computation on this model has not been explored so far.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-10 Jian Zhao , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

We present a family of algorithms, combining real-space renormalization methods and belief propagation, to estimate the free energy of a topologically ordered system in the presence of defects. Such an algorithm is needed to preserve the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Guillaume Duclos-Cianci , David Poulin

Quantum error correction is an essential ingredient for reliable quantum computation for theoretically provable quantum speedup. Topological color codes, one of the quantum error correction codes, have an advantage against the surface codes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-02 Yugo Takada , Yusaku Takeuchi , Keisuke Fujii

Deep reinforcement learning is an emerging machine learning approach which can teach a computer to learn from their actions and rewards similar to the way humans learn from experience. It offers many advantages in automating decision…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-07-08 V. Nguyen , S. B. Orbell , D. T. Lennon , H. Moon , F. Vigneau , L. C. Camenzind , L. Yu , D. M. Zumbühl , G. A. D. Briggs , M. A. Osborne , D. Sejdinovic , N. Ares

Quantum computers hold the potential to surpass classical computers in solving complex computational problems. However, the fragility of quantum information and the error-prone nature of quantum operations make building large-scale,…

The surface code scheme for quantum computation features a 2d array of nearest-neighbor coupled qubits yet claims a threshold error rate approaching 1% (NJoP 9:199, 2007). This result was obtained for the toric code, from which the surface…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-18 D. S. Wang , A. G. Fowler , A. M. Stephens , L. C. L. Hollenberg

Quantum error correction plays an important role in fault-tolerant quantum information processing. It is usually difficult to experimentally realize quantum error correction, as it requires multiple qubits and quantum gates with high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-10 Qihao Guo , Yuan-Yuan Zhao , Markus Grassl , Xinfang Nie , Guo-Yong Xiang , Tao Xin , Zhang-Qi Yin , Bei Zeng

We present for the first time a general theory of error correction for permutation invariant (PI) codes. Using representation theory of the symmetric group we construct efficient algorithms that can correct any correctible error on any PI…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Yingkai Ouyang , Gavin K. Brennen

The surface code is a powerful quantum error correcting code that can be defined on a 2-D square lattice of qubits with only nearest neighbor interactions. Syndrome and data qubits form a checkerboard pattern. Information about errors is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-24 Austin G. Fowler , David S. Wang , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

The Q-learning algorithm is known to be affected by the maximization bias, i.e. the systematic overestimation of action values, an important issue that has recently received renewed attention. Double Q-learning has been proposed as an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Rong Zhu , Mattia Rigotti

Quantum error-correcting codes protect fragile quantum information by encoding it redundantly, but identifying codes that perform well in practice with minimal overhead remains difficult due to the combinatorial search space and the high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Yihua Chengyu , Richard Meister , Conor Carty , Sheng-Ku Lin , Roberto Bondesan

Quantum error correcting codes (QECC) are the key ingredients both for fault-tolerant quantum computation and quantum communication. Teleportation-based error correction (TEC) helps in detecting and correcting operational and erasure errors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-06 K. M. Anandu , Muhammad Shaharukh , Bikash K. Behera , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

Fast, reliable logical operations are essential for realizing useful quantum computers. By redundantly encoding logical qubits into many physical qubits and using syndrome measurements to detect and correct errors, one can achieve low…

We construct surface codes corresponding to genus greater than one in the context of quantum error correction. The architecture is inspired by the topology of invariant integral surfaces of certain non-integrable classical billiards.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-07 Garima Rajpoot , Komal Kumari , Sudhir Ranjan Jain

Quantum computers have the possibility of a much reduced calculation load compared with classical computers in specific problems. Quantum error correction (QEC) is vital for handling qubits, which are vulnerable to external noise. In QEC,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Hideo Mukai , Hoshitaro Ohnishi

Imperfect measurements are a prevalent source of error across quantum computing platforms, significantly degrading the logical error rates achievable on current hardware. To mitigate this issue, rich measurement data referred to as soft…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Joonas Majaniemi , Elisha S. Matekole

Quantum error correction, which utilizes logical qubits that are encoded as redundant multiple physical qubits to find and correct errors in physical qubits, is indispensable for practical quantum computing. Surface code is considered to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Hoshitaro Ohnishi , Hideo Mukai

Finding the ground state of the Ising spin-glass is an important and challenging problem (NP-hard, in fact) in condensed matter physics. However, its applications spread far beyond physic due to its deep relation to various combinatorial…

Efficient decoding to estimate error locations from outcomes of syndrome measurement is the prerequisite for quantum error correction. Decoding in presence of circuit-level noise including measurement errors should be considered in case of…

The typical model for measurement noise in quantum error correction is to randomly flip the binary measurement outcome. In experiments, measurements yield much richer information - e.g., continuous current values, discrete photon counts -…