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Deep neural networks are powerful tools to detect hidden patterns in data and leverage them to make predictions, but they are not designed to understand uncertainty and estimate reliable probabilities. In particular, they tend to be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-10 Bat-Sheva Einbinder , Yaniv Romano , Matteo Sesia , Yanfei Zhou

Handling uncertainty is critical for ensuring reliable decision-making in intelligent systems. Modern neural networks are known to be poorly calibrated, resulting in predicted confidence scores that are difficult to use. This article…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Gabriele Sanguin , Arjun Pakrashi , Marco Viola , Francesco Rinaldi

Uncertainty quantification is a central challenge in reliable and trustworthy machine learning. Naive measures such as last-layer scores are well-known to yield overconfident estimates in the context of overparametrized neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Lucas Clarté , Bruno Loureiro , Florent Krzakala , Lenka Zdeborová

Data-sparse settings such as robotic manipulation, molecular physics, and galaxy morphology classification are some of the hardest domains for deep learning. For these problems, equivariant networks can help improve modeling across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Edward Berman , Jacob Ginesin , Marco Pacini , Robin Walters

Automated medical image segmentation, specifically using deep learning, has shown outstanding performance in semantic segmentation tasks. However, these methods rarely quantify their uncertainty, which may lead to errors in downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-25 Zach Eaton-Rosen , Felix Bragman , Sotirios Bisdas , Sebastien Ourselin , M. Jorge Cardoso

Conformal Prediction (CP) is a distribution-free method for constructing prediction sets with marginal finite-sample coverage guarantees, making it a suitable framework for reliable uncertainty quantification in safety-critical object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Christopher Ries , Moussa Kassem Sbeyti , Nicolas Bianco , Nadja Klein

While deep neural networks have become the go-to approach in computer vision, the vast majority of these models fail to properly capture the uncertainty inherent in their predictions. Estimating this predictive uncertainty can be crucial,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Martin Danelljan , Thomas B. Schön

Modern machine learning models with high accuracy are often miscalibrated -- the predicted top probability does not reflect the actual accuracy, and tends to be over-confident. It is commonly believed that such over-confidence is mainly due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Yu Bai , Song Mei , Huan Wang , Caiming Xiong

Existing conformal prediction algorithms estimate prediction intervals at target confidence levels to characterize the performance of a regression model on new test samples. However, considering an autonomous system consisting of multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Yunye Gong , Yi Yao , Xiao Lin , Ajay Divakaran , Melinda Gervasio

In this paper, we consider the uncertainty quantification problem for regression models. Specifically, we consider an individual calibration objective for characterizing the quantiles of the prediction model. While such an objective is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Shang Liu , Zhongze Cai , Xiaocheng Li

When facing uncertainty, decision-makers want predictions they can trust. A machine learning provider can convey confidence to decision-makers by guaranteeing their predictions are distribution calibrated -- amongst the inputs that receive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-14 Shengjia Zhao , Michael P. Kim , Roshni Sahoo , Tengyu Ma , Stefano Ermon

We address the problem of uncertainty calibration. While standard deep neural networks typically yield uncalibrated predictions, calibrated confidence scores that are representative of the true likelihood of a prediction can be achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Christian Tomani , Sebastian Gruber , Muhammed Ebrar Erdem , Daniel Cremers , Florian Buettner

Predictive uncertainty estimation is an essential next step for the reliable deployment of deep object detectors in safety-critical tasks. In this work, we focus on estimating predictive distributions for bounding box regression output with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Ali Harakeh , Steven L. Waslander

In model-based reinforcement learning, simulated experiences from the learned model are often treated as equivalent to experience from the real environment. However, when the model is inaccurate, it can catastrophically interfere with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Erin J. Talvitie , Zilei Shao , Huiying Li , Jinghan Hu , Jacob Boerma , Rory Zhao , Xintong Wang

The current trend in object detection and localization is to learn predictions with high capacity deep neural networks trained on a very large amount of annotated data and using a high amount of processing power. In this work, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Bastien Moysset , Christoper Kermorvant , Christian Wolf

Traversability estimation in rugged, unstructured environments remains a challenging problem in field robotics. Often, the need for precise, accurate traversability estimation is in direct opposition to the limited sensing and compute…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Samuel Triest , David D. Fan , Sebastian Scherer , Ali-Akbar Agha-Mohammadi

High-quality calibrated uncertainty estimates are crucial for numerous real-world applications, especially for deep learning-based deployed ML systems. While Bayesian deep learning techniques allow uncertainty estimation, training them with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Uddeshya Upadhyay , Shyamgopal Karthik , Yanbei Chen , Massimiliano Mancini , Zeynep Akata

Autonomous object search is challenging for mobile robots operating in indoor environments due to partial observability, perceptual uncertainty, and the need to trade off exploration and navigation efficiency. Classical probabilistic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-27 João Castelo-Branco , José Santos-Victor , Alexandre Bernardino

Modern neural networks have proven to be powerful function approximators, providing state-of-the-art performance in a multitude of applications. They however fall short in their ability to quantify confidence in their predictions - this is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-29 Alex J. Chan , Ahmed M. Alaa , Zhaozhi Qian , Mihaela van der Schaar

Bayesian optimization is a coherent, ubiquitous approach to decision-making under uncertainty, with applications including multi-arm bandits, active learning, and black-box optimization. Bayesian optimization selects decisions (i.e.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Samuel Stanton , Wesley Maddox , Andrew Gordon Wilson