Related papers: Order Fractionalization
It is pointed out that quantum states, in general, contain a new kind of orders that cannot be characterized by symmetry. A concept of quantum order is introduced to describe such orders. As two concrete examples, we discussed quantum…
We have numerically studied the bosonic off-diagonal long range order, introduced by Read to describe the ordering in ideal quantum Hall states, for noninteracting electrons in random potentials confined to the lowest Landau level. We find…
Continuous phase transitions associated with the onset of a spontaneously broken symmetry are thought to be successfully described by the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson-Fisher theory of fluctuating order parameters. In this work we show that such…
Our understanding of phases of matter relies on symmetry breaking, one example being water ice whose crystalline structure breaks the continuous translation symmetry of space. Recently, breaking of time translation symmetry was observed in…
In primary school, we were told that there are four states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. In college, we learned that there are much more than four states of matter. For example, there are ferromagnetic states as revealed by the…
We discuss the possibility of the spontaneous symmetry breaking characterized by order parameters with higher dimensionful composite fields. By analyzing general Ginzburg-Landau potential for a complex scalar field \phi=\phi_1 + i \phi_2…
The broken symmetry state with off-diagonal long-range order (ODLRO), which is characterized by the vacuum expectation value of the operator of creation of the conserved quantum number Q, has the time-dependent order parameter. However, the…
Spontaneous symmetry breaking originats in quantum mechanical measurement of the relevant observable defining the physical situation, order parameter is the average of this observable. A modification is made on the random-phase postulate…
We propose a geometric mechanism for fractional quantum Hall states based on impurity-induced correlations within a Landau level. A correlated distribution of ionized impurities partially modifies the Landau-level degeneracy through…
We obtain the phase diagrams of field theories of intertwined orders in the presence of periodic driving by an external field which preserves all symmetries. We consider both a conventional Landau theory of competing orders, and a…
The concept of the order parameter is extremely useful in physics. Here, I discuss extensions of this concept to cases when the order parameter is no longer a constant but fluctuates or oscillates in space and time. This allows one to…
We describe a mechanism for order fractionalization in a two-dimensional Kondo lattice model, in which electrons interact with a gapless spin liquid of Majorana fermions described by the Yao-Lee (YL) model. When the Kondo coupling to the…
Understanding phases of matter is of both fundamental and practical importance. Prior to the widespread appreciation and acceptance of topological order, the paradigm of spontaneous symmetry breaking, formulated along the…
Defect-chaos is studied numerically in coupled Ginzburg-Landau equations for parametrically driven waves. The motion of the defects is traced in detail yielding their life-times, annihilation partners, and distances traveled. In a regime in…
In primary school, we were told that there are four phases of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. In college, we learned that there are much more than four phases of matter, such as hundreds of crystal phases, liquid crystal phases,…
The Landau theory of phase transitions has been productively applied to phase transitions that involve rotational symmetry breaking, such as the transition from an isotropic fluid to a nematic liquid crystal. It even can be applied to the…
We present a simple theory accounting for two central observations in a recent experiment on quantum coarsening and collective dynamics on a programmable quantum simulator [T. Manovitz et al., Nature \textbf{638}, 86 (2025)]: an apparent…
We introduce the theoretical framework we use to study the bewildering variety of phases in condensed--matter physics. We emphasize the importance of the breaking of symmetries, and develop the idea of an order parameter through several…
Topologically ordered phases of matter elude Landau's symmetry-breaking theory, featuring a variety of intriguing properties such as long-range entanglement and intrinsic robustness against local perturbations. Their extension to…
We analyze the implication of off-diagonal long-range order (ODLRO) for inhomogeneous periodic field configurations and multi-component order parameters. For single component order parameters we show that the only static, periodic field…