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One significant difference between the atmospheres of stars and exoplanets is the presence of condensed particles (clouds or hazes) in the atmosphere of the latter. The main goal of this paper is to develop a self-consistent microphysical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 A. Zsom , L. Kaltenegger , C. Goldblatt

Clouds are ubiquitous\, -- \,they arise for every solar system planet that possesses an atmosphere and have also been suggested as a leading mechanism for obscuring spectral features in exoplanet observations. As exoplanet observations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-19 James D. Windsor , Tyler D. Robinson , Ravi kumar Kopparapu , David E. Trilling , Joe LLama , Amber Young

Robustly modeling the inner edge of the habitable zone is essential for determining the most promising potentially habitable exoplanets for atmospheric characterization. Global climate models (GCMs) have become the standard tool for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-25 Jun Yang , Jeremy Leconte , Eric T. Wolf , Timonthy Merlis , Daniel D. B. Koll , Francois Forget , Dorian S. Abbot

The habitable zone (HZ) describes the range of orbital distances around a star where the existence of liquid water on the surface of an Earth-like planet is in principle possible. While 3D climate studies can calculate the water vapor, ice…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-20 M. Godolt , J. L. Grenfell , D. Kitzmann , M. Kunze , U. Langematz , A. B. C. Patzer , H. Rauer , B. Stracke

A large fraction of known terrestrial-size exoplanets located in the Habitable Zone of M-dwarfs are expected to be tidally-locked. Numerous efforts have been conducted to study the climate of such planets, using in particular 3-D Global…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-09 Maxence Lefèvre , Martin Turbet , Raymond Pierrehumbert

Determining the behaviour of convection and clouds is one of the biggest challenges in our understanding of exoplanetary climates. Given the lack of in situ observations, one of the most preferable approaches is to use cloud-resolving or…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-22 Jun Yang , Yixiao Zhang , Zuntao Fu , Mingyu Yan , Xinyi Song , Mengyu Wei , Jiachen Liu , Feng Ding , Zhihong Tan

Clouds' efficiency at reflecting solar radiation and trapping the terrestrial one is strongly modulated by their diurnal cycle. Much attention has been paid to mean cloud properties due to their critical role in climate projections;…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2018-03-06 Jun Yin , Amilcare Porporato

Potentially habitable exoplanets are targets of great interest for the James Webb Space Telescope and upcoming mission concepts such as the Habitable Worlds Observatory. Clouds strongly affect climate and habitability, but predicting their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-07 Huanzhou Yang , Thaddeus D. Komacek , Owen B. Toon , Eric T. Wolf , Tyler D. Robinson , Caroline Chael , Dorian S. Abbot

Cloud is critical for planetary climate and habitability, but it is also one of the most challenging parts of studying planets in and beyond the solar system. Here we use a cloud-resolving model (CRM) with high resolution (2 km) in a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-17 Qiyu Song , Jun Yang , Hang Luo , Cheng Li , Shizuo Fu

Cloud computing offers an opportunity to run compute-resource intensive climate models at scale by parallelising model runs such that datasets useful to the exoplanet community can be produced efficiently. To better understand the…

Compositional convection is atmospheric mixing driven by density variations caused by compositional gradients. Previous studies have suggested that compositional gradients of atmospheric trace species within planetary atmospheres can impact…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-18 Namrah Habib , Raymond T. Pierrehumbert

Radiative effects of water ice clouds have noteworthy consequences on the Martian atmosphere, its thermal structure and circulation. Accordingly, the inclusion of such effects in the LMD Mars Global Climate Model (GCM) greatly modifies the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-07-29 Thomas Navarro , Jean-Baptiste Madeleine , François Forget , Aymeric Spiga , Ehouarn Millour , Franck Montmessin

One-dimensional (vertical) models of planetary atmospheres typically balance the net solar and internal energy fluxes against the net thermal radiative and convective heat fluxes to determine an equilibrium thermal structure. Thus,simple…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-17 Juan P. Tolento , Tyler D. Robinson

Recently, new solar model atmospheres have been developed to replace classical 1D LTE hydrostatic models and used to for example derive the solar chemical composition. We aim to test various models against key observational constraints. In…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Tiago M. D. Pereira , Martin Asplund , Remo Collet , Irina Thaler , Regner Trampedach , Jorrit Leenaarts

Understanding of clouds is instrumental in interpreting current and future spectroscopic observations of exoplanets. Modelling clouds consistently is complex, since it involves many facets of chemistry, nucleation theory, condensation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-13 Chris W. Ormel , Michiel Min

We present a large ensemble of simulations of an Earth-like world with increasing insolation and rotation rate. Unlike previous work utilizing idealized aquaplanet configurations we focus our simulations on modern Earth-like topography. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-12 M. J. Way , A. D. Del Genio , I. Aleinov , T. L. Clune , M. Kelley , N. Y. Kiang

In the spirit of minimal modeling of complex systems, we develop an idealized two-column model to investigate the climate of tidally locked terrestrial planets with Earth-like atmospheres in the habitable zone of M-dwarf stars. The model is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Jun Yang , Dorian S. Abbot

Modeling the atmospheres of exoplanets is fundamental to understanding their atmospheric physics and chemical processes. While one-dimensional (1D) atmospheric models with 1D radiative transfer (RT) have been widely used, advances in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-01 Rahul Arora , Liton Majumdar

A planet's spectrum is dynamic and only represents a time-dependent snapshot of its properties. Changing atmospheric conditions due to climate and weather patterns, particularly variation in cloud cover, can significantly affect the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-13 Soumil Kelkar , Prabal Saxena , Ravi Kopparapu , Joy Monteiro

The characterization of nearby rocky exoplanets will become feasible with the next generation of telescopes, such as the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) and the mission concept Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO). Using an improved model…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-06 Giulia Roccetti , Michael F. Sterzik , Julia V. Seidel , Claudia Emde , Mihail Manev , Stefano Bagnulo
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