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Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are widely applied in various fields due to their energy-efficient and fast-inference capabilities. Applying SNNs to reinforcement learning (RL) can significantly reduce the computational resource requirements…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Lang Qin , Ziming Wang , Runhao Jiang , Rui Yan , Huajin Tang

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have gained significant popularity thanks to their ability to learn using the well-known backpropagation algorithm. Conversely, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), despite having broader capabilities than ANNs,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Sergio Davies , Andrew Gait , Andrew Rowley , Alessandro Di Nuovo

Brain-inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs) have gained prominence in the field of neuromorphic computing owing to their low energy consumption during feedforward inference on neuromorphic hardware. However, it remains an open challenge…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Wenjie Wei , Malu Zhang , Jilin Zhang , Ammar Belatreche , Jibin Wu , Zijing Xu , Xuerui Qiu , Hong Chen , Yang Yang , Haizhou Li

Spiking neural network (SNN), as a brain-inspired energy-efficient neural network, has attracted the interest of researchers. While the training of spiking neural networks is still an open problem. One effective way is to map the weight of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Yang Li , Yi Zeng

The brain is the perfect place to look for inspiration to develop more efficient neural networks. The inner workings of our synapses and neurons provide a glimpse at what the future of deep learning might look like. This paper serves as a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Jason K. Eshraghian , Max Ward , Emre Neftci , Xinxin Wang , Gregor Lenz , Girish Dwivedi , Mohammed Bennamoun , Doo Seok Jeong , Wei D. Lu

As spiking neural networks (SNNs) are deployed increasingly in real-world efficiency critical applications, the security concerns in SNNs attract more attention. Currently, researchers have already demonstrated an SNN can be attacked with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Ling Liang , Kaidi Xu , Xing Hu , Lei Deng , Yuan Xie

Using precise times of every spike, spiking supervised learning has more effects on complex spatial-temporal pattern than supervised learning only through neuronal firing rates. The purpose of spiking supervised learning after…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Guojun Chen , Xianghong Lin , Guoen Wang

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) promise orders-of-magnitude efficiency gains by communicating with sparse, event-driven spikes rather than dense numerical activations. However, most training pipelines either rely on surrogate-gradient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Arman Ferdowsi , Atakan Aral

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) transmit information through discrete spikes, which performs well in processing spatial-temporal information. Due to the non-differentiable characteristic, there still exist difficulties in designing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Dongcheng Zhao , Yi Zeng , Yang Li

The ambition of brain-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) is to become a low-power alternative to traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). This work addresses two major challenges in realizing this vision: the performance gap…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Man Yao , Xuerui Qiu , Tianxiang Hu , Jiakui Hu , Yuhong Chou , Keyu Tian , Jianxing Liao , Luziwei Leng , Bo Xu , Guoqi Li

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer a promising energy-efficient alternative to artificial neural networks (ANNs), in virtue of their high biological plausibility, rich spatial-temporal dynamics, and event-driven computation. The direct…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Chenlin Zhou , Han Zhang , Liutao Yu , Yumin Ye , Zhaokun Zhou , Liwei Huang , Zhengyu Ma , Xiaopeng Fan , Huihui Zhou , Yonghong Tian

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are biologically plausible models that have been identified as potentially apt for deploying energy-efficient intelligence at the edge, particularly for sequential learning tasks. However, training of SNNs…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Marco Paul E. Apolinario , Kaushik Roy

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are promising brain-inspired models known for low power consumption and superior potential for temporal processing, but identifying suitable learning mechanisms remains a challenge. Despite the presence of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yuzhe Liu , Xin Deng , Qiang Yu

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are distributed trainable systems whose computing elements, or neurons, are characterized by internal analog dynamics and by digital and sparse synaptic communications. The sparsity of the synaptic spiking…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-22 Hyeryung Jang , Osvaldo Simeone , Brian Gardner , André Grüning

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), models inspired by neural mechanisms in the brain, allow for energy-efficient implementation on neuromorphic hardware. However, SNNs trained with current direct training approaches are constrained to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Kangrui Du , Yuhang Wu , Shikuang Deng , Shi Gu

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) represent the latest generation of neural computation, offering a brain-inspired alternative to conventional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Unlike ANNs, which depend on continuous-valued signals, SNNs…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Sales G. Aribe

As neural interfaces become more advanced, there has been an increase in the volume and complexity of neural data recordings. These interfaces capture rich information about neural dynamics that call for efficient, real-time processing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Sai Deepesh Pokala , Marie Bernert , Takuya Nanami , Takashi Kohno , Timothée Lévi , Blaise Yvert

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) possess energy-efficient potential due to event-based computation. However, supervised training of SNNs remains a challenge as spike activities are non-differentiable. Previous SNNs training methods can be…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Yunzhe Hao , Xuhui Huang , Meng Dong , Bo Xu

The spiking neural network (SNN) computes and communicates information through discrete binary events. It is considered more biologically plausible and more energy-efficient than artificial neural networks (ANN) in emerging neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Yang Li , Yi Zeng , Dongcheng Zhao

Spiking Neural Network (SNN) is acknowledged as the next generation of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and hold great promise in effectively processing spatial-temporal information. However, the choice of timestep becomes crucial as it…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Dengyu Wu , Yi Qi , Kaiwen Cai , Gaojie Jin , Xinping Yi , Xiaowei Huang