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Inductive program synthesis, or programming by example, requires synthesizing functions from input-output examples that generalize to unseen inputs. While large language model agents have shown promise in programming tasks guided by natural…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Anjiang Wei , Tarun Suresh , Jiannan Cao , Naveen Kannan , Yuheng Wu , Kai Yan , Thiago S. F. X. Teixeira , Ke Wang , Alex Aiken

Program synthesis from incomplete specifications (e.g. input-output examples) has gained popularity and found real-world applications, primarily due to its ease-of-use. Since this technology is often used in an interactive setting,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-03-13 Vu Le , Daniel Perelman , Oleksandr Polozov , Mohammad Raza , Abhishek Udupa , Sumit Gulwani

Neural inductive program synthesis is a task generating instructions that can produce desired outputs from given inputs. In this paper, we focus on the generation of a chunk of assembly code that can be executed to match a state change…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Yifan Xu , Lu Dai , Udaikaran Singh , Kening Zhang , Zhuowen Tu

Many tasks can be easily solved using machine learning techniques. However, some tasks cannot readily be solved using statistical models, requiring a symbolic approach instead. Program induction is one of the ways that such tasks can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Ahmad Ayaz Amin

A key challenge for reinforcement learning is solving long-horizon planning problems. Recent work has leveraged programs to guide reinforcement learning in these settings. However, these approaches impose a high manual burden on the user…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Yichen David Yang , Jeevana Priya Inala , Osbert Bastani , Yewen Pu , Armando Solar-Lezama , Martin Rinard

We study machine learning formulations of inductive program synthesis; given input-output examples, we try to synthesize source code that maps inputs to corresponding outputs. Our aims are to develop new machine learning approaches based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-17 Alexander L. Gaunt , Marc Brockschmidt , Rishabh Singh , Nate Kushman , Pushmeet Kohli , Jonathan Taylor , Daniel Tarlow

Given a relation and a ranking of its tuples, but no information about the ranking function, we are interested in synthesizing simple scoring functions that reproduce the ranking. Our system RankHow identifies linear scoring functions that…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Zixuan Chen , Panagiotis Manolios , Mirek Riedewald

Inductive logic programming (ILP) is a form of logical machine learning. The goal is to search a hypothesis space for a hypothesis that generalises training examples and background knowledge. We introduce an approach that 'shrinks' the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Andrew Cropper , Filipe Gouveia , David M. Cerna

We propose a novel method for automatic program synthesis. P-Tree Programming represents the program search space through a single probabilistic prototype tree. From this prototype tree we form program instances which we evaluate on a given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-13 Christian Oesch

Program synthesis has seen many new applications in recent years, in large part thanks to the introduction of SyGuS. However, no existing SyGuS solvers have support for synthesizing recursive functions. We introduce an multi-phase algorithm…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Shmuel Berman , Mark Santolucito

We study machine learning formulations of inductive program synthesis; that is, given input-output examples, synthesize source code that maps inputs to corresponding outputs. Our key contribution is TerpreT, a domain-specific language for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-05 Alexander L. Gaunt , Marc Brockschmidt , Rishabh Singh , Nate Kushman , Pushmeet Kohli , Jonathan Taylor , Daniel Tarlow

Design generation, in its essence, is a step-by-step process where designers progressively refine and enhance their work through careful modifications. Despite this fundamental characteristic, existing approaches mainly treat design…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Faizan Farooq Khan , K J Joseph , Koustava Goswami , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Balaji Vasan Srinivasan

Language models (LMs) can perform complex reasoning either end-to-end, with hidden latent state, or compositionally, with transparent intermediate state. Composition offers benefits for interpretability and safety, but may need workflow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Justin Reppert , Ben Rachbach , Charlie George , Luke Stebbing , Jungwon Byun , Maggie Appleton , Andreas Stuhlmüller

We introduce transductive program synthesis, a new formulation of the program synthesis task that explicitly leverages test inputs during synthesis. While prior approaches to program synthesis--whether based on natural language descriptions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Kang-il Lee , Jahyun Koo , Seunghyun Yoon , Minbeom Kim , Hyukhun Koh , Dongryeol Lee , Kyomin Jung

Many approaches to program synthesis perform a search within an enormous space of programs to find one that satisfies a given specification. Prior works have used neural models to guide combinatorial search algorithms, but such approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Kensen Shi , Hanjun Dai , Kevin Ellis , Charles Sutton

Software engineers mainly write code by editing existing programs. In contrast, language models (LMs) autoregressively synthesize programs in a single pass. One explanation for this is the scarcity of sequential edit data. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Ulyana Piterbarg , Lerrel Pinto , Rob Fergus

Provably correct software is one of the key challenges in our softwaredriven society. While formal verification establishes the correctness of a given program, the result of program synthesis is a program which is correct by construction.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Andreas Humenberger , Laura Kovacs

The pace of evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitates new approaches for rigorous and comprehensive evaluation. Traditional human annotation is increasingly impracticable due to the complexities and costs involved in generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Arkil Patel , Siva Reddy , Dzmitry Bahdanau

Program Synthesis is the task of generating a program from a provided specification. Traditionally, this has been treated as a search problem by the programming languages (PL) community and more recently as a supervised learning problem by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-11 Riley Simmons-Edler , Anders Miltner , Sebastian Seung

Probabilistic inference procedures are usually coded painstakingly from scratch, for each target model and each inference algorithm. We reduce this effort by generating inference procedures from models automatically. We make this code…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-13 Robert Zinkov , Chung-chieh Shan