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Upcoming measurements of the high-redshift 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) are a promising probe of the astrophysics of the first galaxies and of cosmological parameters. In particular, the optical depth $\tau$ to the last…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-29 Tashalee S. Billings , Paul La Plante , James E. Aguirre

Structure imprinted in foreground extragalactic point sources by ionospheric refraction has the potential to contaminate Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) power spectra of the 21~cm emission line of neutral hydrogen. The alteration of the spatial…

A soft ultraviolet radiation field, 10.2 eV < E <13.6 eV, that permeates neutral intergalactic gas during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) excites the 2p (directly) and 2s (indirectly) states of atomic hydrogen. Because the 2s state is…

The redshifted 21-cm signal is a unique probe of the early universe, particularly the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). While the 21-cm power spectrum has been the primary statistic for parameter inference, it fails to capture the non-Gaussian…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-03 Anoop Krishna , Deepthi Moorkanat , Hiten , Rajesh Mondal

Direct detection of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) via the red-shifted 21-cm line will have unprecedented implications on the study of structure formation in the infant Universe. To fulfill this promise, current and future 21-cm…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-27 Abhik Ghosh , Florent Mertens , Leon V. E. Koopmans

The Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is the epoch in which hydrogen in the Universe reionize after the "Dark Ages". This is the second of two major phase transitions that hydrogen in the Universe underwent, the first phase being the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-02-16 Saleem Zaroubi

We study the viability of using power spectrum clustering wedges as summary statistics of 21cm surveys during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). For observations in a wide redshift range $z\sim 7-9$ corresponding to a line-of-sight scale of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-31 Zhaoting Chen , Alkistis Pourtsidou

We explore the ability of measurements of the 21-cm power spectrum during reionization to enable the simultaneous reconstruction of the reionization history and the properties of the ionizing sources. For various sets of simulated 21-cm…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Rennan Barkana

We present the science enabled by cross-correlations of the SKA1-LOW 21-cm EoR surveys with other line mapping programs. In particular, we identify and investigate potential synergies with planned programs, such as the line intensity…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 Tzu-Ching Chang , Yan Gong , Mario Santos , Marta Silva , James Aguirre , Olivier Doré , Jonathan Pritchard

We present new observations with the Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER) with the aim of measuring the properties of foreground emission for 21cm Epoch of Reionization experiments at 150 MHz. We focus on the…

Due to the non-linear ionizing and heating processes, the 21-cm signals from epoch of reionization (EoR) are expected to have strong non-Gaussian fluctuations. In this paper, we use the semi-numerical simulations to study the non-Gaussian…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-24 Qing-Bo Ma , Ling Peng

The prospect of detecting the first galaxies by observing their impact on the intergalactic medium as they reionized it during the first billion years leads us to ask whether such indirect observations are capable of diagnosing which types…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Ilian T. Iliev , Garrelt Mellema , Paul R. Shapiro , Ue-Li Pen , Yi Mao , Jun Koda , Kyungjin Ahn

The 21cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is observed as a three-dimensional data set known as a lightcone, consisting of a redshift (frequency) axis and two spatial sky plane axes. When observed by radio interferometers, this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-28 Ian Hothi , Erwan Allys , Benoit Semelin , Romain Meriot

Radio interferometers, such as the Low-Frequency Array and the future Square Kilometre Array, are attempting to measure the spherically averaged 21-cm power spectrum from the Epoch of Reionization. Understanding of the dominant physical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-01 Ivelin Georgiev , Garrelt Mellema , Sambit K. Giri , Rajesh Mondal

The light-cone (LC) effect causes the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) 21-cm signal $T_{\rm b} (\hat{\bf{n}}, \nu)$ to evolve significantly along the line of sight (LoS) direction $\nu$. In the first part of this paper, we present a method to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-12 Rajesh Mondal , Somnath Bharadwaj , Kanan K. Datta

Experiments designed to measure the redshifted 21~cm line from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) are challenged by strong astrophysical foreground contamination, ionospheric distortions, complex instrumental response and other different types…

Cross-correlations between 21cm observations and galaxy surveys provide a powerful probe of reionization by reducing foreground sensitivity while linking ionization morphology to galaxies. We quantify the constraining power of 21cm-Galaxy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-27 Yannic Pietschke , Anne Hutter , Caroline Heneka

The cosmic 21 cm signal is set to revolutionise our understanding of the early Universe, allowing us to probe the 3D temperature and ionisation structure of the intergalactic medium (IGM). It will open a window onto the unseen first…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-22 Bradley Greig , Andrei Mesinger

The first generation of redshifted 21 cm detection experiments, carried out with arrays like LOFAR, MWA and GMRT, will have a very low signal-to-noise ratio per resolution element (\sim 0.2). In addition, whereas the variance of the…

Interferometry of the cosmic 21-cm signal is set to revolutionize our understanding of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), eventually providing 3D maps of the early Universe. Initial detections however will be low signal-to-noise, limited by…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-20 Emanuele Sobacchi , Andrei Mesinger , Bradley Greig