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Batch Normalization (BN) improves both convergence and generalization in training neural networks. This work understands these phenomena theoretically. We analyze BN by using a basic block of neural networks, consisting of a kernel layer, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-25 Ping Luo , Xinjiang Wang , Wenqi Shao , Zhanglin Peng

Deep generative models based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have demonstrated impressive sample quality but in order to work they require a careful choice of architecture, parameter initialization, and selection of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Kevin Roth , Aurelien Lucchi , Sebastian Nowozin , Thomas Hofmann

This paper demonstrates that when a shallow neural network with a Lipschitz continuous activation function is trained using either empirical or population risk to approximate a target function that is $r$ times continuously differentiable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Sanghoon Na , Haizhao Yang

The reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs) can be substantially improved by training them with reinforcement learning (RL). The RL objective for LLM training involves a regularization term, which is the reverse…

This paper studies large-scale optimization problems on Riemannian manifolds whose objective function is a finite sum of negative log-probability losses. Such problems arise in various machine learning and signal processing applications. By…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-18 Jiang Hu , Ruicheng Ao , Anthony Man-Cho So , Minghan Yang , Zaiwen Wen

High sensitivity of neural networks against malicious perturbations on inputs causes security concerns. To take a steady step towards robust classifiers, we aim to create neural network models provably defended from perturbations. Prior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Yusuke Tsuzuku , Issei Sato , Masashi Sugiyama

Robust risk minimisation has several advantages: it has been studied with regards to improving the generalisation properties of models and robustness to adversarial perturbation. We bound the distributionally robust risk for a model class…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-06 Zac Cranko , Simon Kornblith , Zhan Shi , Richard Nock

Quantization lowers memory usage, computational requirements, and latency by utilizing fewer bits to represent model weights and activations. In this work, we investigate the generalization properties of quantized neural networks, a…

Despite the capacity of neural nets to learn arbitrary functions, models trained through gradient descent often exhibit a bias towards ``simpler'' functions. Various notions of simplicity have been introduced to characterize this behavior.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Ali Gorji , Andisheh Amrollahi , Andreas Krause

Due to the over-parameterization nature, neural networks are a powerful tool for nonlinear function approximation. In order to achieve good generalization on unseen data, a suitable inductive bias is of great importance for neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Weiyang Liu , Rongmei Lin , Zhen Liu , Li Xiong , Bernhard Schölkopf , Adrian Weller

The Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence plays a central role in probabilistic machine learning, where it commonly serves as the canonical loss function. Optimization in such settings is often performed over the probability simplex, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Adwait Datar , Nihat Ay

Beside the minimization of the prediction error, two of the most desirable properties of a regression scheme are stability and interpretability. Driven by these principles, we propose continuous-domain formulations for one-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Shayan Aziznejad , Thomas Debarre , Michael Unser

We prove linear convergence of gradient descent to a global optimum for the training of deep residual networks with constant layer width and smooth activation function. We show that if the trained weights, as a function of the layer index,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Rama Cont , Alain Rossier , RenYuan Xu

Learning rate schedule can significantly affect generalization performance in modern neural networks, but the reasons for this are not yet understood. Li-Wei-Ma (2019) recently proved this behavior can exist in a simplified non-convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-18 Preetum Nakkiran

The problem of adversarial examples has highlighted the need for a theory of regularisation that is general enough to apply to exotic function classes, such as universal approximators. In response, we give a very general equality result…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Zac Cranko , Zhan Shi , Xinhua Zhang , Richard Nock , Simon Kornblith

Understanding and evaluating the robustness of neural networks under adversarial settings is a subject of growing interest. Attacks proposed in the literature usually work with models trained to minimize cross-entropy loss and output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Sean Saito , Sujoy Roy

In this paper, we consider one dimensional (shallow) ReLU neural networks in which weights are chosen randomly and only the terminal layer is trained. First, we mathematically show that for such networks L2-regularized regression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Jakob Heiss , Josef Teichmann , Hanna Wutte

Understanding the asymptotic behavior of gradient-descent training of deep neural networks is essential for revealing inductive biases and improving network performance. We derive the infinite-time training limit of a mathematically…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-08 Samuel Lippl , L. F. Abbott , SueYeon Chung

The pressing need to reduce the capacity of deep neural networks has stimulated the development of network dilution methods and their analysis. While the ability of $L_1$ and $L_0$ regularization to encourage sparsity is often mentioned,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-08 Yael Ben-Guigui , Jacob Goldberger , Tammy Riklin-Raviv

We prove the first convergence guarantees for a subgradient method minimizing a generic Lipschitz function over generic Lipschitz inequality constraints. No smoothness or convexity (or weak convexity) assumptions are made. Instead, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-16 Benjamin Grimmer , Zhichao Jia