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Grammar-based fuzzing is a technique used to find software vulnerabilities by injecting well-formed inputs generated following rules that encode application semantics. Most grammar-based fuzzers for network protocols rely on human experts…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Samuel Jero , Maria Leonor Pacheco , Dan Goldwasser , Cristina Nita-Rotaru

We present a novel gray-box fuzzing algorithm monitoring executions of instructions converting numerical values to Boolean ones. An important class of such instructions evaluate predicates, e.g., *cmp in LLVM. That alone allows us to infer…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Martin Jonáš , Jan Strejček , Marek Trtík , Lukáš Urban

Fuzzing consists of repeatedly testing an application with modified, or fuzzed, inputs with the goal of finding security vulnerabilities in input-parsing code. In this paper, we show how to automate the generation of an input grammar…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-01-26 Patrice Godefroid , Hila Peleg , Rishabh Singh

BusyBox, an open-source software bundling over 300 essential Linux commands into a single executable, is ubiquitous in Linux-based embedded devices. Vulnerabilities in BusyBox can have far-reaching consequences, affecting a wide array of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Asmita , Yaroslav Oliinyk , Michael Scott , Ryan Tsang , Chongzhou Fang , Houman Homayoun

Fuzzing is one of the most effective approaches to finding software flaws. However, applying it to microcontroller firmware incurs many challenges. For example, rehosting-based solutions cannot accurately model peripheral behaviors and thus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Wenqiang Li , Jiameng Shi , Fengjun Li , Jingqiang Lin , Wei Wang , Le Guan

Fuzzing has become a key search-based technique for software testing, but continuous fuzzing campaigns consume substantial computational resources and generate significant carbon footprints. Existing grey-box fuzzing approaches like AFL++…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Ayse Irmak Ercevik , Aidan Dakhama , Melane Navaratnarajah , Yazhuo Cao , Leo Fernandes

The success of a fuzzing campaign is heavily depending on the quality of seed inputs used for test generation. It is however challenging to compose a corpus of seed inputs that enable high code and behavior coverage of the target program,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Liang Cheng , Yang Zhang , Yi Zhang , Chen Wu , Zhangtan Li , Yu Fu , Haisheng Li

In recent years, fuzz testing has benefited from increased computational power and important algorithmic advances, leading to systems that have discovered many critical bugs and vulnerabilities in production software. Despite these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Anastasios Andronidis , Cristian Cadar

Seed scheduling is a prominent factor in determining the yields of hybrid fuzzing. Existing hybrid fuzzers schedule seeds based on fixed heuristics that aim to predict input utilities. However, such heuristics are not generalizable as there…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Yaohui Chen , Mansour Ahmadi , Reza Mirzazade farkhani , Boyu Wang , Long Lu

Generation-based fuzzing is a software testing approach which is able to discover different types of bugs and vulnerabilities in software. It is, however, known to be very time consuming to design and fine tune classical fuzzers to achieve…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Martin Sablotny , Bjørn Sand Jensen , Chris W. Johnson

Smart contracts are increasingly being used to manage large numbers of high-value cryptocurrency accounts. There is a strong demand for automated, efficient, and comprehensive methods to detect security vulnerabilities in a given contract.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Michael Rodler , David Paaßen , Wenting Li , Lukas Bernhard , Thorsten Holz , Ghassan Karame , Lucas Davi

Modern processor advancements have introduced security risks, particularly in the form of microarchitectural timing attacks. High-profile attacks such as Meltdown and Spectre have revealed critical flaws, compromising the entire system's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Congcong Chen , Jinhua Cui , Jiliang Zhang

Fuzz testing (fuzzing) is a well-known method for exposing bugs/vulnerabilities in software systems. Popular fuzzers, such as AFL, use a biased random search over the domain of program inputs, where 100s or 1000s of inputs (test cases) are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Yuntong Zhang , Ridwan Shariffdeen , Gregory J. Duck , Jiaqi Tan , Abhik Roychoudhury

A code-level backdoor is a hidden access, programmed and concealed within the code of a program. For instance, hard-coded credentials planted in the code of a file server application would enable maliciously logging into all deployed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Dimitri Kokkonis , Michaël Marcozzi , Emilien Decoux , Stefano Zacchiroli

Large language models (LLMs) have recently experienced tremendous popularity and are widely used from casual conversations to AI-driven programming. However, despite their considerable success, LLMs are not entirely reliable and can give…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Jiahao Yu , Xingwei Lin , Zheng Yu , Xinyu Xing

Fuzzing has become a cornerstone technique for uncovering vulnerabilities and enhancing the security of OS kernels. However, state-of-the-art kernel fuzzers, including the de facto standard Syzkaller, struggle to generate valid syscall…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Boyu Liu , Yang Zhang , Liang Cheng , Yi Zhang , Junjie Fan , Yu Fu

Microarchitectural attacks represent a challenging and persistent threat to modern processors, exploiting inherent design vulnerabilities in processors to leak sensitive information or compromise systems. Of particular concern is the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Mohamadreza Rostami , Shaza Zeitouni , Rahul Kande , Chen Chen , Pouya Mahmoody , Jeyavijayan , Rajendran , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Software fuzzing has become a cornerstone in automated vulnerability discovery, yet existing mutation strategies often lack semantic awareness, leading to redundant test cases and slow exploration of deep program states. In this work, I…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Shiyin Lin

Smart contract transactions are increasingly interleaved by cross-contract calls. While many tools have been developed to identify a common set of vulnerabilities, the cross-contract vulnerability is overlooked by existing tools.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Yinxing Xue , Jiaming Ye , Wei Zhang , Jun Sun , Lei Ma , Haijun Wang , Jianjun Zhao

Smart contracts are Turing-complete programs that execute on the infrastructure of the blockchain, which often manage valuable digital assets. Solidity is one of the most popular programming languages for writing smart contracts on the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Tai D. Nguyen , Long H. Pham , Jun Sun , Yun Lin , Quang Tran Minh