Related papers: On the lower central series of some virtual knot g…
For classical knots, there is a concept of (semi)meander diagrams; in this short note we generalize this concept to virtual knots and prove that the classes of meander and semimeander diagrams are universal (this was known for classical…
We introduce a notion of intrinsic linking and knotting for virtual spatial graphs. Our theory gives two filtrations of the set of all graphs, allowing us to measure, in a sense, how intrinsically linked or knotted a graph is; we show that…
A virtual knot, which is one of generalizations of knots in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ (or $S^{3}$), is, roughly speaking, an embedded circle in thickened surface $S_{g} \times I$. In this talk we will discuss about knots in 3 dimensional $S_{g}…
A group-theoretical method, via Wada's representations, is presented to distinguish Kishino's virtual knot from the unknot. Biquandles are constructed for any group using Wada's braid group representations. Cocycle invariants for these…
We study the structure of the virtual braid group. It is shown that the virtual braid group is a semi--direct product of the virtual pure braid group and the symmetric group. Also, it is shown that the virtual pure braid group is a…
A classical result of H. S. M. Coxeter asserts that a certain quotient $B(m,n)$ of the braid group $B(m)$ on $m$ strands is finite if and only if $(m,n)$ corresponds to the type of one of the five Platonic solids. If ${\bf k}$ is a knot or…
The aim of this paper is to realise the techniques of picture-valued invariants and invariants valued in free groups for long knots in the full torus. Such knots and links are of a particular interest because of their relation to Legendrian…
This paper is an introduction to the theory of virtual knots and links and it gives a list of unsolved problems in this subject.
The quotients $G_k/G_{k+1}$ of the lower central series of a finitely presented group $G$ are an important invariant of this group. In this work we investigate the ranks of these quotients in the case of a certain class of conjugation-free…
We observe a criterion for groups to have vanishing virtual first Betti number and use it to give infinitely many examples of torsion-free, finitely generated, residually finite groups which aren't virtually diffuse. This answers a question…
Several authors have recently studied virtual knots and links because they admit invariants arising from R-matrices. We prove that every virtual link is uniquely represented by a link L in S X I, a thickened, compact, oriented surface S,…
In 2002, D. Hrencecin and L.H. Kauffman defined a filamentation invariant on oriented chord diagrams that may determine whether the corresponding flat virtual knot diagrams are non-trivial. A virtual knot diagram is non-classical if its…
The composition of any two nontrivial classical knots is a satellite knot, and thus, by work of Thurston, is not hyperbolic. In this paper, we explore the composition of virtual knots, which are an extension of classical knots that…
We construct a series of finite-dimensional quantum groups as braided Drinfeld doubles of Nichols algebras of type Super A, for an even root of unity, and classify ribbon structures for these quantum groups. Ribbon structures exist if and…
We give a geometric proof of a well known theorem that describes splittings of a free group as an amalgamated product or HNN extension over the integers. The argument generalizes to give a similar description of splittings of a virtually…
This paper is a concise introduction to virtual knot theory, coupled with a list of research problems in this field.
The derived group of a permutation representation, introduced by R.H. Crowell, unites many notions of knot theory. We survey Crowell's construction, and offer new applications. The twisted Alexander group of a knot is defined. Using it, we…
The classical knot groups are the fundamental groups of the complements of smooth or piecewise-linear (PL) locally-flat knots. For PL knots that are not locally-flat, there is a pair of interesting groups to study: the fundamental group of…
In this paper we show how generalized quaternions, including 2X2 matrices, can be used to find solutions of a non-commuting equation intimately connected with braid groups. These solutions can then be used to find polynomial invariants of…
We build quasi--isometry invariants of relatively hyperbolic groups which detect the hyperbolic parts of the group; these are variations of the stable dimension constructions previously introduced by the authors. We prove that, given any…