Related papers: On the lower central series of some virtual knot g…
We introduce twelve polynomial invariants for long virtual knots, called intersection polynomials, extending and refining the three intersection polynomials for virtual knots. They are defined via intersection numbers of cycles on a closed…
We prove that parities on virtual knots come from invariant 1-cycles on the arcs of knot diagrams. In turn, the invariant cycles are determined by quasi-indices on the crossings of the diagrams. The found connection between the parities and…
We introduce quiver representation-valued invariants of oriented virtual knots and links associated to a choice of finite virtual biquandle, abelian group, set of virtual Boltzmann weights, commutative unital ring and set of virtual…
A virtual link may be defined as an equivalence class of diagrams, or alternatively as a stable equivalence class of links in thickened surfaces. We prove that a minimal crossing virtual link diagram has minimal genus across representatives…
We study concordance of virtual knots. Our main result is that a classical knot K is virtually slice if and only if it is classically slice. From this we deduce that the concordance group of classical knots embeds into the concordance group…
We discuss Vassiliev invariants for virtual knots, expanding upon the theory of quantum virtual knot invariants developed in arXiv:1509.00578. In particular, following the theory of quantum invariants we work with 'rotational' virtual…
Joyce has shown that the fundamental quandle of a classical knot can be derived from consideration of the fundamental group and the peripheral structure of the knot, and also that the group and much of the peripheral structure can be…
The virtual unknotting number of a virtual knot is the minimal number of crossing changes that makes the virtual knot to be the unknot, which is defined only for virtual knots virtually homotopic to the unknot. We focus on the virtual knot…
The motivation for this work is to construct a map from classical knots to virtual ones. What we get in the paper is a series of maps from knots in the full torus (thickened torus) to flat-virtual knots. We give definition of flat-virtual…
For virtual knot theory, the virtual braid group was defined by generalizing the braid group. It was proved that any virtual link can be obtained by the closure of a virtual braid. On the other hand, due to work by Jones et al., it is known…
We introduce a local deformation called the virtualized $\Delta$-move for virtual knots and links. We prove that the virtualized $\Delta$-move is an unknotting operation for virtual knots. Furthermore we give a necessary and sufficient…
In [8], K. Kaur, S. Kamada et al. posed a problem of finding a virtual knot, if exists, with an unknotting index (n,m), where (n,m) is a pair of non-negative integers. In this paper, we address this question by providing infinite families…
In the present paper, we describe new approaches for constructing virtual knot invariants. The main background of this paper comes from formulating and bringing together the ideas of biquandle (Kauffman and Radford) the virtual quandle…
Manturov recently introduced the idea of a free knot, i.e. an equivalence class of virtual knots where equivalence is generated by crossing change and virtualization moves. He showed that if a free knot diagram is associated to a graph that…
New presentations of a link and a virtual link are introduced and algebraic systems on links and virtual links are constructed respectively. Based on the algebraic systems, Reduction Crossing Algorithms for them are proposed which are used…
We provide the first example of virtually nilpotent group, with a specific generating set, for which the Green series (sometimes called cogrowth series) is not $D$-finite. The proof relies on an arithmetical miracle, and the study of the…
It is shown that a finitely generated pro-p group G which is a virtually free pro-p product splits either as a free pro-p product with amalgamation or as a pro-p HNN-extension over a finite p-group. More precisely, G is the pro-p…
We consider the question of which virtual knots have finite fundamental medial bikei. We describe and implement an algorithm for completing a presentation matrix of a medial bikei to an operation table, determining both the cardinality and…
In this paper we define and give examples of a family of polynomial invariants of virtual knots and links. They arise by considering certain 2$\times$2 matrices with entries in a possibly non-commutative ring, for example the quaternions.…
We construct an infinite commutative lattice of groups whose dual spaces give Kauffman finite-type invariants of long virtual knots. The lattice is based "horizontally" upon the Polyak algebra and extended "vertically" using Manturov's…