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We present a simple $O(n^4)$-time algorithm for computing optimal search trees with two-way comparisons. The only previous solution to this problem, by Anderson et al., has the same running time, but is significantly more complicated and is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Marek Chrobak , Mordecai Golin , J. Ian Munro , Neal E. Young

Retrieving relevant targets from an extremely large target set under computational limits is a common challenge for information retrieval and recommendation systems. Tree models, which formulate targets as leaves of a tree with trainable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-30 Jingwei Zhuo , Ziru Xu , Wei Dai , Han Zhu , Han Li , Jian Xu , Kun Gai

We introduce and study the general problem of finding a most "scale-free-like" spanning tree of a connected graph. It is motivated by a particular problem in epidemiology, and may be useful in studies of various dynamical processes in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-12 Yury Orlovich , Kirill Kukharenko , Volker Kaibel , Pavel Skums

Consider the problem of determining whether there exists a spanning hypertree in a given k-uniform hypergraph. This problem is trivially in P for k=2, and is NP-complete for k>= 4, whereas for k=3, there exists a polynomial-time algorithm…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-12-19 Sergio Caracciolo , Gregor Masbaum , Alan D. Sokal , Andrea Sportiello

Reachability is the problem of deciding whether there is a path from one vertex to the other in the graph. Standard graph traversal algorithms such as DFS and BFS take linear time to decide reachability however their space complexity is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Rahul Jain , Raghunath Tewari

We define a search problem on trees that closely captures the backtracking behavior of all current practical graph isomorphism algorithms. Given two trees with colored leaves, the goal is to find two leaves of matching color, one in each of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Markus Anders , Pascal Schweitzer

We present a study of several generic tree search techniques applied to the Sequential Ordering Problem. This study enables us to propose a simple and competitive tree search algorithm. It consists of an iterative Beam Search algorithm that…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-01-26 Luc Libralesso , Abdel-Malik Bouhassoun , Hadrien Cambazard , Vincent Jost

A temporal graph is a graph whose edges appear at certain points in time. These graphs are temporally connected (in class TC) if all vertices can reach each other by temporal paths (traversing the edges in chronological order). Reachability…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Arnaud Casteigts , Timothée Corsini , Nils Morawietz

The three-in-a-tree problem is to determine if a simple undirected graph contains an induced subgraph which is a tree connecting three given vertices. Based on a beautiful characterization that is proved in more than twenty pages,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Kai-Yuan Lai , Hsueh-I Lu , Mikkel Thorup

Although Breadth-First Search (BFS) has several advantages over Depth-First Search (DFS) its prohibitive space requirements have meant that algorithm designers often pass it over in favor of DFS. To address this shortcoming, we introduce a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2012-07-05 Srinivas Nedunuri , William R. Cook , Douglas R. Smith

The class of $\mathsf{Ga}$lled-$\mathsf{T}$ree $\mathsf{Ex}$plainable ($\mathsf{GaTEx}$) graphs has recently been discovered as a natural generalization of cographs. Cographs are precisely those graphs that can be uniquely represented by a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Marc Hellmuth , Guillaume E. Scholz

We consider the neighborhood tree induced by alternating the use of different neighborhood structures within a local search descent. We investigate the issue of designing a search strategy operating at the neighborhood tree level by…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-01-01 Houda Derbel , Bilel Derbel

Lexicographic Depth First Search (LexDFS) is a special variant of a Depth First Search (DFS), which was introduced by Corneil and Krueger in 2008. While this search has been used in various applications, in contrast to other graph searches,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Jesse Beisegel , Ekkehard Köhler , Robert Scheffler , Martin Strehler

Search is a central problem in artificial intelligence, and breadth-first search (BFS) and depth-first search (DFS) are the two most fundamental ways to search. In this paper we derive estimates for average BFS and DFS runtime. The average…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Tom Everitt , Marcus Hutter

Lexicographic Breadth First Search (LBFS) is one of fundamental graph search algorithms that has numerous applications, including recognition of graph classes, computation of graph parameters, and detection of certain graph structures. The…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-09-07 Jan Gorzny , Jing Huang

In 1996, Bodlaender showed the celebrated result that an optimal tree decomposition of a graph of bounded treewidth can be found in linear time. The algorithm is based on an algorithm of Bodlaender and Kloks that computes an optimal tree…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Ernst Althaus , Sarah Ziegler

Graph neural networks are useful for learning problems, as well as for combinatorial and graph problems such as the Subgraph Isomorphism Problem and the Traveling Salesman Problem. We describe an approach for computing Steiner Trees by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Reyan Ahmed , Mithun Ghosh , Kwang-Sung Jun , Stephen Kobourov

We consider the following generalization of binary search in sorted arrays to tree domains. In each step of the search, an algorithm is querying a vertex $q$, and as a reply, it receives an answer, which either states that $q$ is the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Dariusz Dereniowski , Izajasz Wrosz

Recent research suggests that tree search algorithms (e.g. Monte Carlo Tree Search) can dramatically boost LLM performance on complex mathematical reasoning tasks. However, they often require more than 10 times the computational resources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Ante Wang , Linfeng Song , Ye Tian , Baolin Peng , Dian Yu , Haitao Mi , Jinsong Su , Dong Yu

This paper presents the novel `uniqueness tree' algorithm, as one possible method for determining whether two finite, undirected graphs are isomorphic. We prove that the algorithm has polynomial time complexity in the worst case, and that…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Jonathan Gorard