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We introduce and study knots and links in 2-dimensional complexes. In particular, we define linking numbers for oriented two-component links in 2-complexes and a Kauffman-type bracket polynomial for links in 2-complexes. We also discuss…
Zhang found a simple, elegant argument deducing the non-existence of an infinite open cluster in certain lattice percolation models (for example, p=1/2 bond percolation on the square lattice) from general results on the uniqueness of an…
Recently Mertens and Moore [arXiv:1909.01484v1] showed that site percolation "is odd." By this they mean that on an $M\times N$ square lattice the number of distinct site configurations that allow for vertical percolation is odd. We report…
Analytical results are derived for the bond percolation threshold and the size of the giant connected component in a class of random networks with non-zero clustering. The network's degree distribution and clustering spectrum may be…
In this paper, a regional knot invariant is constructed. Like the Wirtinger presentation of a knot group, each planar region contributes a generator, and each crossing contributes a relation. The invariant is call a tridle of the link. As…
Given a closed, oriented, connected 3-manifold, M, we define higher-order linking forms on the higher-order Alexander modules of M. These higher-order linking forms generalize similar linking forms for knots previously studied by the…
Colored triangulations offer a generalization of combinatorial maps to higher dimensions. Just like maps are gluings of polygons, colored triangulations are built as gluings of special, higher-dimensional building blocks, such as octahedra,…
Traditionally, knot theorists have considered projections of knots where there are two strands meeting at every crossing. A triple crossing is a crossing where three strands meet at a single point, such that each strand bisects the…
We investigate the problem of percolation of words in a random environment. To each vertex, we independently assign a letter $0$ or $1$ according to Bernoulli r.v.'s with parameter $p$. The environment is the resulting graph obtained from…
Knot theory is the Mathematical study of knots. In this paper we have studied the Composition of two knots. Knot theory belongs to Mathematical field of Topology, where the topological concepts such as topological spaces, homeomorphisms,…
In this paper, we study a special family of $(1,1)$ knots called constrained knots, which includes 2-bridge knots in the 3-sphere $S^3$ and simple knots in lens spaces. Constrained knots are parameterized by five integers and characterized…
We consider the Constrained-degree percolation model in random environment on the square lattice. In this model, each vertex $v$ has an independent random constraint ${\kappa}_v$ which takes the value $j\in \{0,1,2,3\}$ with probability…
We present a high-precision numerical study of 3D random percolation viewed as a confining gauge theory. Using large correlation matrices among multiform Wilson loops we determine the low-lying masses in various spin channels.
The fundamental polarization singularities of monochromatic light are normally associated with invariance under coordinated rotations: symmetry operations that rotate the spatial dependence of an electromagnetic field by an angle $\theta$…
Several classical knot invariants, such as the Alexander polynomial, the Levine-Tristram signature and the Blanchfield pairing, admit natural extensions from knots to links, and more generally, from oriented links to so-called colored…
It is known that the number of biquandle colorings of a long virtual knot diagram, with a fixed color of the initial arc, is a knot invariant. In this paper we describe a more subtle invariant: a family of biquandle endomorphisms obtained…
Geometric interpretations of some virtual knot invariants are given in terms of invariants of links in $\mathbb{S}^3$. Alexander polynomials of almost classical knots are shown to be specializations of the multi-variable Alexander…
In composite materials composed of soft polymer matrix and stiff, high-aspect-ratio particles, the composite undergoes a transition in mechanical strength when the inclusion phase surpasses a critical density. This phenomenon (rheological…
Recent work in percolation has led to exact solutions for the site and bond critical thresholds of many new lattices. Here we show how these results can be extended to other classes of graphs, significantly increasing the number and variety…
It is known that any surface knot can be transformed to an unknotted surface knot or a surface knot which has a diagram with no triple points by a finite number of 1-handle additions. The minimum number of such 1-handles is called the…