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Many LLM applications require only narrow capabilities, yet standard post-training quantization (PTQ) methods allocate precision without considering the target task. This can waste bits on layers that are less relevant to the task signal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Amit LeVi , Raz Lapid , Rom Himelstein , Chaim Baskin , Ravid Shwartz Ziv , Avi Mendelson

Neural network quantization is frequently used to optimize model size, latency and power consumption for on-device deployment of neural networks. In many cases, a target bit-width is set for an entire network, meaning every layer get…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Nilesh Prasad Pandey , Markus Nagel , Mart van Baalen , Yin Huang , Chirag Patel , Tijmen Blankevoort

As deep neural networks (DNNs) see increased deployment on mobile and edge devices, optimizing model efficiency has become crucial. Mixed-precision quantization is widely favored, as it offers a superior balance between efficiency and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Seokho Han , Seoyeon Yoon , Jinhee Kim , Dongwei Wang , Kang Eun Jeon , Huanrui Yang , Jong Hwan Ko

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the natural language processing paradigm but impose substantial demands on memory and computational resources. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to reduce memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Xilong Xie , Liang Wang , Limin Xiao , Meng Han , Lin Sun , Shuai Zheng , Xiangrong Xu

Quantization is a key technique to reduce the resource requirement and improve the performance of neural network deployment. However, different hardware backends such as x86 CPU, NVIDIA GPU, ARM CPU, and accelerators may demand different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Ziheng Jiang , Animesh Jain , Andrew Liu , Josh Fromm , Chengqian Ma , Tianqi Chen , Luis Ceze

In order to deploy deep models in a computationally efficient manner, model quantization approaches have been frequently used. In addition, as new hardware that supports mixed bitwidth arithmetic operations, recent research on mixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Xijie Huang , Zhiqiang Shen , Shichao Li , Zechun Liu , Xianghong Hu , Jeffry Wicaksana , Eric Xing , Kwang-Ting Cheng

Quantum machine learning has attracted significant interest in recent years. Most existing approaches, however, are variational in nature and require extensive parameter optimization subroutines. Here, we propose a conceptually distinct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Kristina Kirova , Monika Doerfler , Franz Luef , Richard Kueng

Neural network quantization is becoming an industry standard to efficiently deploy deep learning models on hardware platforms, such as CPU, GPU, TPU, and FPGAs. However, we observe that the conventional quantization approaches are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Ji Lin , Chuang Gan , Song Han

With the tremendous success of deep learning, there exists imminent need to deploy deep learning models onto edge devices. To tackle the limited computing and storage resources in edge devices, model compression techniques have been widely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Sung-En Chang , Yanyu Li , Mengshu Sun , Weiwen Jiang , Runbin Shi , Xue Lin , Yanzhi Wang

Inference for state-of-the-art deep neural networks is computationally expensive, making them difficult to deploy on constrained hardware environments. An efficient way to reduce this complexity is to quantize the weight parameters and/or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Julian Faraone , Nicholas Fraser , Michaela Blott , Philip H. W. Leong

When transformer-based language models are deployed for text generation, most of the inference time is spent in the decoding stage, where output tokens are generated sequentially. Reducing the hardware cost of each decoding step is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sayed Mohammadreza Tayaranian Hosseini , Amir Ardakani , Warren J. Gross

Large-scale deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in many application scenarios. However, high computational complexity and energy costs of modern DNNs make their deployment on edge devices challenging. Model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Cédric Gernigon , Silviu-Ioan Filip , Olivier Sentieys , Clément Coggiola , Mickael Bruno

The development of edge computing places critical demands on energy-efficient model deployment for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection tasks. Deploying deep unfolding models such as PGD-Nets and ADMM-Nets into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zeyi Ren , Jingreng Lei , Yichen Jin , Ermo Hua , Qingfeng Lin , Chen Zhang , Bowen Zhou , Yik-Chung Wu

Quantization of weights and activations in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is a powerful technique for network compression, and has enjoyed significant attention and success. However, much of the inference-time benefit of quantization is…

Performance · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Andrew Anderson , David Gregg

Quantized deep neural networks (QDNNs) are necessary for low-power, high throughput, and embedded applications. Previous studies mostly focused on developing optimization methods for the quantization of given models. However, quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Yoonho Boo , Sungho Shin , Wonyong Sung

Today, large language models have demonstrated their strengths in various tasks ranging from reasoning, code generation, and complex problem solving. However, this advancement comes with a high computational cost and memory requirements,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Meriem Bouzouad , Yuan-Hao Chang , Jalil Boukhobza

Quantization Aware Training (QAT) is a neural network quantization technique that compresses model size and improves operational efficiency while effectively maintaining model performance. The paradigm of QAT is to introduce fake…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Wenqiang Zhou , Zhendong Yu , Xinyu Liu , Jiaming Yang , Rong Xiao , Tao Wang , Chenwei Tang , Jiancheng Lv

Mixed-precision quantization, where a deep neural network's layers are quantized to different precisions, offers the opportunity to optimize the trade-offs between model size, latency, and statistical accuracy beyond what can be achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Georg Rutishauser , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini

Quantization techniques commonly reduce the inference costs of neural networks by restricting the precision of weights and activations. Recent studies show that also reducing the precision of the accumulator can further improve hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Ian Colbert , Alessandro Pappalardo , Jakoba Petri-Koenig , Yaman Umuroglu

Designing neural architectures is a fundamental step in deep learning applications. As a partner technique, model compression on neural networks has been widely investigated to gear the needs that the deep learning algorithms could be run…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Yukang Chen , Gaofeng Meng , Qian Zhang , Xinbang Zhang , Liangchen Song , Shiming Xiang , Chunhong Pan