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Training state-of-the-art, deep neural networks is computationally expensive. One way to reduce the training time is to normalize the activities of the neurons. A recently introduced technique called batch normalization uses the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-22 Jimmy Lei Ba , Jamie Ryan Kiros , Geoffrey E. Hinton

Training neural networks is an optimization problem, and finding a decent set of parameters through gradient descent can be a difficult task. A host of techniques has been developed to aid this process before and during the training phase.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Divya Gaur , Joachim Folz , Andreas Dengel

In this work we investigate the reasons why Batch Normalization (BN) improves the generalization performance of deep networks. We argue that one major reason, distinguishing it from data-independent normalization methods, is randomness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Alexander Shekhovtsov , Boris Flach

A significant advance in accelerating neural network training has been the development of normalization methods, permitting the training of deep models both faster and with better accuracy. These advances come with practical challenges: for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Jasmine Collins , Johannes Balle , Jonathon Shlens

Deep neural networks rely heavily on normalization methods to improve their performance and learning behavior. Although normalization methods spurred the development of increasingly deep and efficient architectures, they also increase the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Alexander Fuchs , Christian Knoll , Franz Pernkopf

Over the past few years, Batch-Normalization has been commonly used in deep networks, allowing faster training and high performance for a wide variety of applications. However, the reasons behind its merits remained unanswered, with several…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-08 Elad Hoffer , Ron Banner , Itay Golan , Daniel Soudry

Batch Normalization (BatchNorm) is a widely adopted technique that enables faster and more stable training of deep neural networks (DNNs). Despite its pervasiveness, the exact reasons for BatchNorm's effectiveness are still poorly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-16 Shibani Santurkar , Dimitris Tsipras , Andrew Ilyas , Aleksander Madry

It is a common assumption that the activation of different layers in neural networks follow Gaussian distribution. This distribution can be transformed using normalization techniques, such as batch-normalization, increasing convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Andras Horvath , Jalal Al-afandi

Normalization techniques have only recently begun to be exploited in supervised learning tasks. Batch normalization exploits mini-batch statistics to normalize the activations. This was shown to speed up training and result in better…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-08 Mengye Ren , Renjie Liao , Raquel Urtasun , Fabian H. Sinz , Richard S. Zemel

In training neural networks, batch normalization has many benefits, not all of them entirely understood. But it also has some drawbacks. Foremost is arguably memory consumption, as computing the batch statistics requires all instances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Benjamin Berger , Victor Uc Cetina

The normal distribution plays a central role in information theory - it is at the same time the best-case signal and worst-case noise distribution, has the greatest representational capacity of any distribution, and offers an equivalence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Daniel Eftekhari , Vardan Papyan

Regularization can mitigate the generalization gap between training and inference by introducing inductive bias. Existing works have already proposed various inductive biases from diverse perspectives. However, none of them explores…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Qiang Fu , Lun Du , Haitao Mao , Xu Chen , Wei Fang , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

Normalization methods are a central building block in the deep learning toolbox. They accelerate and stabilize training, while decreasing the dependence on manually tuned learning rate schedules. When learning from multi-modal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Lucas Deecke , Iain Murray , Hakan Bilen

Batch normalization is currently the most widely used variant of internal normalization for deep neural networks. Additional work has shown that the normalization of weights and additional conditioning as well as the normalization of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Wolfgang Fuhl , Enkelejda Kasneci

Despite huge successes on a wide range of tasks, neural networks are known to sometimes struggle to generalise to unseen data. Many approaches have been proposed over the years to promote the generalisation ability of neural networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Christiaan P. Opperman , Anna S. Bosman , Katherine M. Malan

How to train deep neural networks (DNNs) to generalize well is a central concern in deep learning, especially for severely overparameterized networks nowadays. In this paper, we propose an effective method to improve the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Yang Zhao , Hao Zhang , Xiuyuan Hu

Batch normalization (BN) is a technique to normalize activations in intermediate layers of deep neural networks. Its tendency to improve accuracy and speed up training have established BN as a favorite technique in deep learning. Yet,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Johan Bjorck , Carla Gomes , Bart Selman , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Normalization has become one of the most fundamental components in many deep neural networks for machine learning tasks while deep neural network has also been widely used in CTR estimation field. Among most of the proposed deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Zhiqiang Wang , Qingyun She , PengTao Zhang , Junlin Zhang

The simplicity of gradient descent (GD) made it the default method for training ever-deeper and complex neural networks. Both loss functions and architectures are often explicitly tuned to be amenable to this basic local optimization. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Dmitrii Marin , Meng Tang , Ismail Ben Ayed , Yuri Boykov

We develop a new method for regularising neural networks. We learn a probability distribution over the activations of all layers of the model and then insert imputed values into the network during training. We obtain a posterior for an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Matthew Willetts , Alexander Camuto , Stephen Roberts , Chris Holmes
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